Wnt pathway modulators

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         combinations and uses thereof for disease therapy, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or polymorph thereof, including all tautomers and stereoisomers thereof wherein 
         R 1  represents H; optionally substituted alkyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkoxy, NH 2 , —NHC 1-3 alkyl and —N(C 1-3 alkyl) 2 ); —C(O)Oalkyl; haloalkyl; haloalkoxy; or -alkylaryl; 
         each R 2  independently represents H; optionally substituted alkyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkoxy, NH 2 , —NHC 1-3 alkyl and —N(C 1-3 alkyl) 2 ); -alkylaryl; optionally substituted carbocyclyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 1-6 haloalkoxy and halo); optionally substituted heterocyclyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, —C(O)OC 1-6 alkyl, —C(O)C 1-6 alkyl and —C(O)NHC 1-6 alkyl); —NHalkyl; —N(alkyl) 2 ; amino; hydroxyl; alkoxy or halo; 
         n represents 0, 1 or 2; 
         R 3  represents H or alkyl; 
         R 4  represents H or alkyl; 
         R 5  represents H or alkyl; 
         W and X each independently represent C═O; C═S; or CH 2 ; 
         Y represents aryl; heteroaryl; optionally substituted carbocyclyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 1-6 haloalkoxy and halo); or optionally substituted heterocyclyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, —C(O)OC 1-6 alkyl, —C(O)C 1-6 alkyl and —C(O)NHC 1-6 alkyl); and 
         Z represents optionally substituted alkyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkoxy, NH 2 , —NHC 1-3 alkyl and —N(C 1-3 alkyl) 2 ); aryl; heteroaryl; -alkylaryl; -alkylheteroaryl; optionally substituted carbocyclyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 1-6 haloalkoxy and halo); optionally substituted heterocyclyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, —C(O)OC 1-6 alkyl, —C(O)C 1-6 alkyl and —C(O)NHC 1-6 alkyl); -alkylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 haloalkoxy and halo); -alkylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, —C(O)OC 1-6 alkyl, —C(O)C 1-6 alkyl and —C(O)NHC 1-6 alkyl); -arylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 haloalkoxy and halo); or -arylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, —C(O)OC 1-6 alkyl, —C(O)C 1-6 alkyl and —C(O)NHC 1-6 alkyl).

FIELD

The invention relates to WNT pathway modulators, processes for making them and methods for using them.

PRIORITY

This application claims priority from UK application GB 1322333.4, filed 17 Dec. 2013, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by cross-reference.

BACKGROUND

Wnt proteins are secreted glycoproteins acting as growth factors that regulate various cellular functions include proliferation, differentiation, death, migration, and polarity, by activating multiple intracellular signaling cascades, including the P-catenin-dependent and -independent pathways. There are 19 Wnt members have been found in humans and mice, and they exhibit unique expression patterns and distinct functions during development. In humans and mice, the 10 members of the Frizzled (Fz) family comprise a series of seven-pass transmembrane receptors that have been identified as Wnt receptors. In addition to Fz proteins, single-pass transmembrane proteins, such as low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), LRP6, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-like orphan receptor 1(Ror1), Ror2, and receptor-like tyrosine kinase (Ryk), have been shown to function as co-receptors for Wnt signaling. Therefore, it has been assumed traditionally that the binding of different Wnts to their specific receptors selectively triggers different outcomes via distinct intracellular pathways.

Diverse Wnts, Wnt receptors, and downstream pathway all contribute to the role of Wnt. These pathways all play a role in development, stem cell maintenance, cancer and metastasis.

In the absence of Wnt signaling, P-catenin is bound and phosphorylated by a “destruction complex” containing the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and Axin proteins, as well as glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and casein kinase I (CKI). Phosphorylated β-catenin is bound by the F box protein Slimb/β-TrCP and polyubiquitinated, leading to proteosomal degradation. In addition, the complex acts to prevent nuclear localization of b-catenin. Upon Wnt binding to Frizzled (Fz) and low-density lipoprotein-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6), GSK3, Axin, and other destruction complex components are recruited to the receptor complex. The function of the destruction complex is inhibited, and unphosphorylated β-catenin accumulates in the cytoplasm and eventually translocates to the nucleus. There, it associates with TCF proteins, converting TCF from a repressor into an activator of Wnt-responsive gene transcription.

Wnt in Cancer & Stem Cell:

Deregulation of components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is implied in a wide spectrum of diseases including degenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and a number of cancers such as cervical, colon, breast, bladder, head and neck, gastric, lung, ovarian, prostate, thyroid, non-small-cell lung, as well as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mesothelioma, melanoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Wilm's tumor and medulloblastoma.

Wnt signaling plays a role both during development, and within stem cell niches in adults. This is best established in skin, hematopoietic stem cells, mammary gland and in intestinal proliferation. For example, high level expression of DKK1, an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, blocks normal stem cell proliferation in mouse intestine, suggesting there is an essential role for Wnt signaling in maintenance of stem cells in the digestive tract. Wnt roles in self renewal and expansion of stem cells have also been demonstrated for embryonic and neural stem cells, suggesting that Wnt signaling may be a general requirement of stem cell maintenance. Inhibition of Wnt signaling, e.g., by overexpression of axin or an extracellular Wnt-binding protein, sFRP, reduces hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) growth in vitro and the ability to reconstitute HSCs in vivo. Notably, while overexpression of activated β-catenin can expand HSC populations in culture for extended periods, two groups have reported that β-catenin is not required for HSC survival and serial transplantation, supporting the proposal that there is more to Wnt signaling than stabilization of β-catenin in stem cell survival. Diverse Wnts can regulate stem cell proliferation: Wnts 1, 5a, and 10b are able to stimulate expansion of HSC populations and Wnt5a acts synergistically with stem cell factor (SCF) to expand and promote self renewal of HSCs. The demonstration of a role for Wnt5a in HSC self renewal and its ability to synergize with stem cell factor is particularly interesting because Wnt5a often acts in a β-catenin independent manner. While Wnt signaling is critical for stem cell maintenance, it may therefore be via signaling pathways distinct from or in parallel to the β-catenin pathway.

Fibrosis:

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is essential to embryonic development in general and organ morphogenesis, so it is not surprising that dysregulation of this pathway in adult has been linked to fibroblast biology and fibrosis. It has been demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling play a role in severe fibrotic diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, skin fibrosis and renal fibrosis.

Others:

Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to the development of diabetic retinopathy by inducing retinal inflammation, vascular leakage, and neovascularization.

The binding of Wnt proteins to plasma membrane receptors on mesenchymal cells induces the differentiation of these cells into the osteoblast lineage and thereby supports bone formation. Wnts are also key signaling proteins in joint remodeling processes. Active Wnt signaling contributes to osteophyte formation and might have an essential role in the anabolic pattern of joint remodeling that is observed in ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthritis. By contrast, blockade of Wnt signaling facilitates bone erosion and contributes to catabolic joint remodeling, a process that is observed in rheumatoid arthritis.

There is therefore a need for compounds that modulate and/or inhibit the WNT pathway so as to treat diseases associated with WNT activity.

Definitions

A measure of the binding of an inhibitor to and the subsequent release from an enzyme is the “IC₅₀” value, which reflects the inhibitor concentration, which at a given substrate concentration results in 50% enzyme activity.

The term “subject” as used herein, refers to an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human, who has been the object of treatment, observation or experiment. In one embodiment the subject is not a human. The subject may for example be a non-human mammal.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” as used herein, means that amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue system, animal or human being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician, which includes alleviation of the symptoms of the disease or disorder being treated.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” embraces both human and veterinary use: For example the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” embraces a veterinarily acceptable compound or a compound acceptable in human medicine and health care. In one embodiment, human medicine and health care is excluded.

Throughout the description and the claims the expression “alkyl”, unless specifically limited, denotes a C₁₋₁₂ alkyl group, suitably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, e.g. C₁₋₄ alkyl group. Alkyl groups may be straight chain or branched. Suitable alkyl groups include, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g. n-propyl and isopropyl), butyl (e.g n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl), pentyl (e.g. n-pentyl), hexyl (e.g. n-hexyl), heptyl (e.g. n-heptyl) and octyl (e.g. n-octyl). The expression “alk”, for example in the expressions “alkoxy”, “haloalkyl” and “thioalkyl” should be interpreted in accordance with the definition of “alkyl”. Exemplary alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy (e.g. n-propoxy), butoxy (e.g. n-butoxy), pentoxy (e.g. n-pentoxy), hexoxy (e.g. n-hexoxy), heptoxy (e.g. n-heptoxy) and octoxy (e.g. n-octoxy). Exemplary thioalkyl groups include methylthio-. Exemplary haloalkyl groups include fluoroalkyl e.g. CF₃.

The expression “alkenyl”, unless specifically limited, denotes a C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl group, suitably a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, e.g. a C₂₋₄ alkenyl group, which contains at least one double bond at any desired location and which does not contain any triple bonds. Alkenyl groups may be straight chain or branched. Exemplary alkenyl groups including one double bond include propenyl and butenyl. Exemplary alkenyl groups including two double bonds include pentadienyl, e.g. (1E, 3E)-pentadienyl.

The expression “alkynyl”, unless specifically limited, denotes a C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl group, suitably a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group, e.g. a C₂₋₄ alkynyl group, which contains at least one triple bond at any desired location and may or may not also contain one or more double bonds. Alkynyl groups may be straight chain or branched. Exemplary alkynyl groups include propynyl and butynyl.

The expression “alkylene” denotes a chain of formula —(CH₂)_(n)— wherein n is an integer e.g. 1-12, 1-6, 2-6 or 2-5, unless specifically limited.

The expression “cycloalkyl”, unless specifically limited, denotes a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group (i.e. 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms), more suitably a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, e.g. a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl group. Exemplary cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl. A most suitable number of ring carbon atoms is three to six.

The expression “cycloalkenyl”, unless specifically limited, denotes a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkenyl group (i.e. 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms), suitably a C₅₋₁₀ cycloalkenyl group (i.e. 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms), more suitably a C₅₋₈ cycloalkenyl group e.g. a C₅₋₆ cycloalkenyl group. Exemplary cycloalkenyl groups include cyclopropenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl and cyclooctenyl. A most suitable number of ring carbon atoms is five to six.

The expression “carbocyclyl”, unless specifically limited, denotes any ring system in which all the ring atoms are carbon and which contains between three and twelve ring carbon atoms, suitably between three and ten carbon atoms and more suitably between three and eight carbon atoms. Carbocyclyl groups may be saturated or partially unsaturated, but do not include aromatic rings. Examples of carbocyclyl groups include monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic ring systems, in particular monocyclic and bicyclic ring systems. Other carbocyclyl groups include bridged ring systems (e.g. bicyclo[2.2.1]heptenyl). A specific example of a carbocyclyl group is a cycloalkyl group. A further example of a carbocyclyl group is a cycloalkenyl group.

The expression “heterocyclyl”, unless specifically limited, refers to a carbocyclyl group wherein one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) ring atoms are replaced by heteroatoms. The heteroatom(s) are commonly selected from N, S and O. A specific example of a heterocyclyl group is a cycloalkyl group (e.g. cyclopentyl or more particularly cyclohexyl) wherein one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3, particularly 1 or 2, especially 1) ring atoms are replaced by heteroatoms selected from N, S or O. Exemplary heterocyclyl groups containing one hetero atom include pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuran and piperidine, and exemplary heterocyclyl groups containing two hetero atoms include morpholine and piperazine. A further specific example of a heterocyclyl group is a cycloalkenyl group (e.g. a cyclohexenyl group) wherein one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3, particularly 1 or 2, especially 1) ring atoms are replaced by heteroatoms selected from N, S and O. An example of such a group is dihydropyranyl (e.g. 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl-). The heterocyclyl group may be linked to other part or parts of the molecule by a carbon ring atom or nitrogen ring atom.

The expression “aryl”, unless specifically limited, denotes a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, suitably a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group, more suitably a C₆₋₈ aryl group. Aryl groups will contain at least one aromatic ring (e.g. one, two or three rings). Aryl groups with multiple aromatic rings include fused aromatic rings and aromatic rings connected to each other by one single bond. An example of a typical aryl group with one aromatic ring is phenyl. An example of a typical aryl group with two fused aromatic rings is naphthyl. An example of an aromatic group with two directly connected aromatic rings is biphenyl.

The expression “heteroaryl”, unless specifically limited, denotes an aryl residue, wherein one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, or 4, suitably 1, 2 or 3) ring atoms are replaced by heteroatoms, said heteroatoms commonly being selected from N, S and O, or else a 5-membered aromatic ring containing one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, or 4, suitably 1, 2 or 3) ring atoms, said heteroatoms commonly selected from N, S and O. In some embodiments a heteroaryl group will have no ring heteroatoms other than nitrogen. Exemplary monocyclic heteroaryl groups having one heteroatom include: five membered rings (e.g. pyrrole, furan, thiophene); and six membered rings (e.g. pyridine, such as pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl and pyridin-4-yl). Exemplary monocyclic heteroaryl groups having two heteroatoms include: five membered rings (e.g. pyrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, imidazole, such as imidazol-1-yl, imidazol-2-yl imidazol-4-yl); and six membered rings (e.g. pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine). Exemplary monocyclic heteroaryl groups having three heteroatoms include: 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-oxadiazole. Exemplary monocyclic heteroaryl groups having four heteroatoms include tetrazole. Exemplary bicyclic heteroaryl groups include: indole (e.g. indol-6-yl), benzofuran, benzthiophene, quinoline, isoquinoline, indazole, benzimidazole, benzthiazole, quinazoline and purine. The heteraryl group may be linked to other part or parts of the molecule by a carbon ring atom or nitrogen ring atom.

The aforementioned aryl and heteroaryl groups may, where appropriate, optionally be substituted by one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3, suitably 1 or 2) groups each independently selected from monovalent or multivalent (i.e. having valency greater than 1) functional groups. Suitable substituent groups include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, -alkoxy (e.g. OMe), cycloalkyl, alkenyloxy-, alkynyloxy-, alkoxyalkyl-, nitro, halogen (e.g. fluoro, chloro and bromo), cyano, hydroxyl, oxo, —C(O)-alkyl (e.g. COMe), C(O)OH, —C(O)Oalkyl (e.g. —C(O)OMe), —OC(O)alkyl (e.g. —OC(O)Me), —NH₂, —NHalkyl (e.g. —NHMe), —N(alkyl)₂ (e.g. dimethylamino-), —C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(alkyl) (e.g. —C(O)NHMe), —NHC(O)alkyl (e.g. —NHC(O)Me), —C(NH)NH₂, thioalkyl (e.g. -thiomethyl), —SO₂alkyl (e.g. SO₂Me), —SOalkyl (e.g. —SOMe), —SO₂cycloalkyl and -SOcycloalkyl. More typically, substituents will be selected from alkyl (e.g. Me), fluoroalkyl (e.g. CF₃ and CHF₂), alkoxy (e.g. OMe), halogen and hydroxyl.

The expression “-alkylaryl”, unless specifically limited, denotes an aryl residue which is connected via an alkylene moiety e.g. a C₁₋₄alkylene moiety. An example of such a group is benzyl: PhCH₂—.

The term “halogen” or “halo” comprises fluorine (F), chlorine (C₁) and bromine (Br).

The term “amino” refers to the group —NH₂.

The term “oxo” refers to an oxygen atom which, together with the carbon atom which it substitutes, forms a carbonyl group C═O.

The term “-arylheterocyclyl” refers to a heterocyclyl residue which is connected via an aryl moiety.

Stereoisomers:

All possible stereoisomers of the claimed compounds are included in the present invention.

Where the compounds according to this invention have at least one chiral center, they may accordingly exist as enantiomers. Where the compounds possess two or more chiral centers, they may additionally exist as diastereomers. It is to be understood that all such isomers and mixtures thereof are encompassed within the scope of the present invention.

Preparation and Isolation of Stereoisomers:

Where the processes for the preparation of the compounds according to the invention give rise to a mixture of stereoisomers, these isomers may be separated by conventional techniques such as preparative chromatography. The compounds may be prepared in racemic form, or individual enantiomers may be prepared either by enantiospecific synthesis or by resolution. The compounds may, for example, be resolved into their components enantiomers by standard techniques, such as the formation of diastereomeric pairs by salt formation with an optically active acid, such as (−)-di-p-toluoyl-d-tartaric acid and/or (+)-di-p-toluoyl-1-tartaric acid followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration of the free base. The compounds may also be resolved by formation of diastereomeric esters or amides, followed by chromatographic separation and removal of the chiral auxiliary. Alternatively, the compounds may be resolved using a chiral HPLC column.

Pharmaceutically Acceptable Salts:

In view of the close relationship between the free compounds and the compounds in the form of their salts or solvates, whenever a compound is referred to in this context, a corresponding salt, solvate or polymorph is also intended, provided such is possible or appropriate under the circumstances.

Salts and solvates of the compounds of formula (I) and physiologically functional derivatives thereof which are suitable for use in medicine are those wherein the counter-ion or associated solvent is pharmaceutically acceptable. However, salts and solvates having non-pharmaceutically acceptable counter-ions or associated solvents are within the scope of the present invention, for example, for use as intermediates in the preparation of other compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates.

Suitable salts according to the invention include those formed with both organic and inorganic acids or bases. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those formed from hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric, citric, tartaric, phosphoric, lactic, pyruvic, acetic, trifluoroacetic, triphenylacetic, sulfamic, sulfanilic, succinic, oxalic, fumaric, maleic, malic, mandelic, glutamic, aspartic, oxaloacetic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, arylsulfonic (for example p-toluenesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, naphthalenesulfonic or naphthalenedisulfonic), salicylic, glutaric, gluconic, tricarballylic, cinnamic, substituted cinnamic (for example, phenyl, methyl, methoxy or halo substituted cinnamic, including 4-methyl and 4-methoxycinnamic acid), ascorbic, oleic, naphthoic, hydroxynaphthoic (for example 1- or 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic), naphthaleneacrylic (for example naphthalene-2-acrylic), benzoic, 4-methoxybenzoic, 2- or 4-hydroxybenzoic, 4-chlorobenzoic, 4-phenylbenzoic, benzeneacrylic (for example 1,4-benzenediacrylic), isethionic acids, perchloric, propionic, glycolic, hydroxyethanesulfonic, pamoic, cyclohexanesulfamic, salicylic, saccharinic and trifluoroacetic acid. Pharmaceutically acceptable base salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as those of sodium and potassium, alkaline earth metal salts such as those of calcium and magnesium and salts with organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine and N-methyl-D-glucamine.

All pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt forms of the compounds of the present invention are intended to be embraced by the scope of this invention.

Polymorph Crystal Forms:

Furthermore, some of the crystalline forms of the compounds may exist as polymorphs and as such are intended to be included in the present invention. In addition, some of the compounds may form solvates with water (i.e. hydrates) or common organic solvents, and such solvates are also intended to be encompassed within the scope of this invention. The compounds, including their salts, can also be obtained in the form of their hydrates, or include other solvents used for their crystallization.

Prodrugs:

The present invention further includes within its scope prodrugs of the compounds of this invention. In general, such prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds which are readily convertible in vivo into the desired therapeutically active compound. Thus, in these cases, the methods of treatment of the present invention, the term “administering” shall encompass the treatment of the various disorders described with prodrug versions of one or more of the claimed compounds, but which converts to the above specified compound in vivo after administration to the subject. Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in “Design of Prodrugs”, ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985.

Protective Groups:

During any of the processes for preparation of the compounds of the present invention, it may be necessary and/or desirable to protect sensitive or reactive groups on any of the molecules concerned. This may be achieved by means of conventional protecting groups, such as those described in Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, ed. J. F. W. McOmie, Plenum Press, 1973; and T. W. Greene & P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, 1991, fully incorporated herein by reference. The protecting groups may be removed at a convenient subsequent stage using methods known from the art.

As used herein, the term “composition” is intended to encompass a product comprising the claimed compounds in the therapeutically effective amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combinations of the claimed compounds.

Carriers and Additives for Galenic Formulations:

Carriers, which can be added to the mixture, include necessary and inert pharmaceutical excipients, including, but not limited to, suitable binders, suspending agents, lubricants, flavorants, sweeteners, preservatives, coatings, disintegrating agents, dyes and coloring agents.

Thus, for liquid oral preparations, such as for example, suspensions, elixirs and solutions, suitable carriers and additives may advantageously include water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents and the like; for solid oral preparations such as, for example, powders, capsules, gelcaps and tablets, suitable carriers and additives include starches, sugars, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like.

Soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamidephenol, polyhydroxyethylaspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxidepolyllysine substituted with palmitoyl residue. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polyactic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyeric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross-linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.

Suitable binders include, without limitation, starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or betalactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like.

Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

According to the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or polymorph thereof, including all tautomers and stereoisomers thereof wherein:

R₁ represents H; optionally substituted alkyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂); —C(O)Oalkyl; haloalkyl; haloalkoxy; or -alkylaryl;

each R₂ independently represents H; optionally substituted alkyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂); -alkylaryl; optionally substituted carbocyclyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo); optionally substituted heterocyclyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl); —NHalkyl; —N(alkyl)₂; amino; hydroxyl; alkoxy or halo;

n represents 0, 1 or 2;

R₃ represents H or alkyl;

R₄ represents H or alkyl;

R₅ represents H or alkyl;

W and X each independently represent C═O; C═S; or CH₂;

Y represents aryl; heteroaryl; optionally substituted carbocyclyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo); or optionally substituted heterocyclyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl); and

Z represents optionally substituted alkyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂); aryl; heteroaryl; -alkylaryl; -alkylheteroaryl; optionally substituted carbocyclyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo); optionally substituted heterocyclyl (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl); -alkylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo); -alkylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl); -arylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo); or -arylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted (wherein optional substituents include one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl).

Further, according to the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or polymorph thereof, including all tautomers and stereoisomers thereof wherein:

R₁ represents H; alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂; —C(O)Oalkyl; haloalkyl; haloalkoxy; or -alkylaryl;

each R₂ independently represents H; alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂; -alkylaryl; carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl; —NHalkyl; —N(alkyl)₂; amino; hydroxyl; alkoxy or halo;

n represents 0, 1 or 2;

R₃ represents H or alkyl;

R₄ represents H or alkyl;

R₅ represents H or alkyl;

W and X each independently represent C═O; C═S; or CH₂;

Y represents aryl; heteroaryl; carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; or heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl; and

Z represents alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂; aryl; heteroaryl; -alkylaryl; -alkylheteroaryl; carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl; -alkylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; -alkylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl; -arylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; or -arylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1: A bar chart illustrating inhibition of the activity of mammalian porcupine by Compound 51 and Compound 110.

FIG. 2: A graph illustrating efficacy of Compound 51 on the MMTV-Wnt1 mouse model.

FIG. 3: A graph illustrating efficacy data of Compound 110 in the MMTV-Wnt1 mouse model.

FIG. 4: Images illustrating inhibition of Palmitoylation of Wnt3a by Compound 51.

FIGS. 5 to 7: Images and graphs showing results of the Soft Agar Assay. FIG. 5 shows the results for Cell line AsPC-1 treated with Compound 51. FIG. 6 shows the results for Cell line HPAF-II treated with Compound 51. FIG. 7 shows the results for Cell line CFPAC-1 treated with Compound 51.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

According to the invention there are provided compounds of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or polymorph thereof, including all tautomers and stereoisomers thereof wherein:

R₁ represents H; alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂; —C(O)Oalkyl; haloalkyl; haloalkoxy; or -alkylaryl;

each R₂ independently represents H; alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂; -alkylaryl; carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl; —NHalkyl; —N(alkyl)₂; amino; hydroxyl; alkoxy or halo;

n represents 0, 1 or 2;

R₃ represents H or alkyl;

R₄ represents H or alkyl;

R₅ represents H or alkyl;

W and X each independently represent C═O; C═S; or CH₂;

Y represents aryl; heteroaryl; carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; or heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl; and

Z represents alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂; aryl; heteroaryl; -alkylaryl; -alkylheteroaryl; carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl; -alkylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; -alkylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl; -arylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; or -arylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl.

In one embodiment, any one or more of, optionally all of, the following compounds are excluded from the scope of Formula (I):

In the context of variable Y, the term “aryl” is understood to mean “arylene” (e.g. “phenyl” is understood to mean “phenylene” (i.e. C₆H₄)) because Y is a linking group, not a terminal group. The terms for other Y rings (e.g. heteroaryl) are to be construed likewise. When Y is referred to as being unsubstituted, this is understood to mean no other substituents other than Z and NR₅. When Y is referred to as being monosubstitued, this is understood to mean one substituent other than Z and NR₅.

When R₁ represents alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂ exemplary substituents include methoxy, —NH₂, —NHmethyl and —NH(methyl)₂. Examples include C₁₋₆ alkyl (e.g. unsubstituted C₁₋₆alkyl), for example methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g. n-propyl, isopropyl), butyl (e.g. n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl), pentyl (e.g. n-pentyl) and hexyl (e.g. n-hexyl). Exemplary C₁₋₆ alkyl groups are methyl and ethyl, particularly methyl.

When R₁ represents —C(O)Oalkyl, examples include —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl such as —C(O)OMe, —C(O)OEt, —C(O)OPr and —C(O)OiPr. A specific example is —C(O)OMe.

When R₁ represents haloalkyl, examples include C₁₋₆haloalkyl such as CH₂F, CHF₂, CF₃, CH₂CH₂F, CH₂CHF₂, CH₂CF₃, CHFCH₃ and CF₂CH₃. A specific example is CF₃.

When R₁ represents haloalkoxy, examples include C₁₋₆haloalkoxy such as OCF₃.

When R₂ represents alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂, exemplary substituents include methoxy, —NH₂, —NHmethyl and —NH(methyl)₂. Examples include C₁₋₆ alkyl (e.g. unsubstituted C₁₋₆alkyl), for example methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g. n-propyl, isopropyl), butyl (e.g. n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl), pentyl (e.g. n-pentyl) and hexyl (e.g. n-hexyl). An exemplary C₁₋₆ alkyl group is methyl.

When R₂ represents -alkylaryl, examples include benzyl.

When R₂ represents carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. methyl), C₁₋₆alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), C₁₋₆haloalkyl (e.g. fluoromethyl such as trifluoromethyl), C₁₋₆haloalkoxy (e.g. fluoromethoxy such as trifluoromethoxy) and halo (e.g. fluoro, e.g. chloro), examples include C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Substituted examples include cyclohexyl substituted by methyl.

When R₂ represents heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl, Y may represent heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl (such as methyl). Examples include monocyclic heterocyclyl. The heterocyclyl group may be unsubstituted or may have for example one or two (e.g. one) substituent (e.g. one methyl group). Examples include piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 4,5-dihydropyrazolyl and 4,5-dihydroisoxazolyl. A specific example is pyrrolidinyl.

When R₂ represents —NHalkyl, examples include —NHMe, NHEt, NHPr and NHiPr, in particular NHMe.

When R₂ represents —N(alkyl)₂, examples include —N(Me)₂.

When R₂ represents alkoxy, examples include methoxy and ethoxy, especially methoxy.

When n represents 1, examples of —(CHR₂)_(n)— include —CH₂— and —CH(CH₃)—.

When n represents 2, examples of —(CHR₂)_(n)— include —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂CH(CH₃)—, —CH(CH₃)CH₂— and —CH(CH₃)—CH(CH₃)—. An example of a —(CHR₂)₂— group is —CH₂—CH₂—.

When R₃ represents alkyl, examples include C₁₋₆ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g. n-propyl, isopropyl), butyl (e.g. n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl), pentyl (e.g. n-pentyl) and hexyl (e.g. n-hexyl). An exemplary C₁₋₆ alkyl group is methyl.

When R₄ represents alkyl, examples include C₁₋₆ alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g. n-propyl, isopropyl), butyl (e.g. n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl), pentyl (e.g. n-pentyl) and hexyl (e.g. n-hexyl). An exemplary C₁₋₆ alkyl group is methyl.

When R₅ represents alkyl, examples include C₁₋₆ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g. n-propyl, isopropyl), butyl (e.g. n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl), pentyl (e.g. n-pentyl) and hexyl (e.g. n-hexyl). An exemplary C₁₋₆ alkyl group is methyl.

When Y represents aryl, examples include optionally substituted phenyl. Exemplary substituents include one or more (e.g. one or two, especially one) substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl (such as methyl), C₁₋₆alkoxy (such as methoxy), halo and C₁₋₆haloalkyl (such as fluoroemethyl, e.g. trifluoromethyl). Examples include unsubstituted phenyl, methylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl, chlorophenyl and trifluoromethylphenyl. Specific examples include unsubstituted phenyl. Specific examples also include methylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl. Z and NR₅ may be positioned on the phenyl ring at the 1- and 4-positions relative to each other (i.e. Z and NR₅ have a para relationship).

When Y represents heteroaryl, examples include monocyclic (e.g. 5 and 6 membered) and bicyclic (e.g. 9 and 10 membered) heteroaryl rings, especially monocyclic heteroaryl rings, particularly 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl rings. Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl may comprise one, two or three ring heteroatoms (e.g. one or two, e.g. one) including one or two nitrogen atoms (e.g. one or e.g. two) and optionally an oxygen or sulphur atom. Exemplary 5-membered monocyclic heteroaryl groups include pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl and thiadiazolyl. When Y is 5-membered monocyclic heteroaryl, Z and NR₅ may be positioned on the ring at non-adjacent ring atoms. Exemplary 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl groups include pyridinyl. Exemplary 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl groups also include pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl and pyrazinyl. When Y is 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl, Z and NR₅ may be positioned on the ring at 1- and 4-positions relative to each other (i.e. Z and NR₅ have a para relationship). The aforementioned heteroaryl group may either by unsubstituted or may be substituted by one or more (e.g. one or two, particularly one) substituents. Exemplary substituents are independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl (such as methyl), C₁₋₆alkoxy (such as methoxy), halo (such as fluoro) and C₁₋₆haloalkyl (such as fluoromethyl, e.g. trifluoromethyl). When Y is unsubstituted heteroaryl, examples include isoxazolyl (e.g. isoxazolyl-5-yl (wherein NR₅ is at the 5-position and Z is at the 3-position) and isoxazolyl-3-yl (wherein NR₅ is at the 3-position and Z is at the 5-position), especially isoxazol-5-yl), oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl (e.g. pyridin-2-yl or pyridin-3-yl), pyridazinyl (e.g. pyridazin-3-yl), pyrimidinyl (e.g. pyrimidin-3-yl), pyrazinyl (e.g. pyrazin-2-yl). When Y is substituted heteroaryl, Y may for example be substituted by methyl or fluoro. When Y is substituted heteroaryl, examples include methylpyridinyl, fluoropyridinyl, methylpyridazinyl, methylpyrazinyl methylpyrimidinyl and 1-methylpyrazolyl.

When Y represents carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. methyl), C₁₋₆alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), C₁₋₆haloalkyl (e.g. fluoromethyl such as trifluoromethyl), C₁₋₆haloalkoxy (e.g. fluoromethoxy) and halo (e.g. fluoro, e.g. chloro), Y may represent carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by C₁₋₆alkyl. Examples include monocyclic carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by C₁₋₆alkyl (such as methyl). Examples of carbocyclyl include C₃₋₈cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclohexyl) and C₅₋₈cycloalkenyl (e.g. cyclohexenyl). The carbocycyl ring is optionally substituted by one, two or three independently selected substituents (e.g. one or two, especially one, e.g. one methyl group). When Y represents carbocyclyl, Y may represent C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, such as C₁₋₆cycloalkyl. A specific example is cyclohexyl. When Y is 6-membered carbocyclyl, Z and NR₅ are may be positioned on the carbocyclyl ring at the 1- and 4-positions relative to each other.

When Y represents heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl, Y may represent heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl (such as methyl). Examples include monocyclic heterocyclyl. The heterocyclyl group may be unsubstituted or may have for example one or two (e.g. one) substituent (e.g. one methyl group). Examples include piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 4,5-dihydropyrazolyl and 4,5-dihydroisoxazolyl. Specific examples include 4,5-dihydroisoxazolyl (e.g. 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl) and piperidinyl (e.g. piperidin-4-yl). When Y is 6-membered heterocyclyl, Z and NR₅ may be positioned on the heterocyclyl ring at the 1- and 4-positions relative to each other. When Y represents heterocyclyl, in one embodiment Z does not represent -alkylaryl.

When Z represents alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂, exemplary substituents include methoxy, —NH₂, —NHmethyl and —NH(methyl)₂. Examples include C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. unsubstituted C₁₋₆alkyl), for example methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g. n-propyl, isopropyl), butyl (e.g. n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl), pentyl (e.g. n-pentyl) and hexyl (e.g. n-hexyl). Examples also include C₃₋₆alkyl (e.g. unsubstituted C₃₋₆alkyl), for example propyl (e.g. n-propyl, isopropyl), butyl (e.g. n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl), pentyl (e.g. n-pentyl) and hexyl (e.g. n-hexyl). Exemplary C₁₋₆ alkyl groups are methyl and tert-butyl.

When Z represents aryl, examples include optionally substituted phenyl. Exemplary substituents include one or more (e.g. one or two, especially one) substituents each independently selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, amino, methoxy, methyl, haloalkyl (e.g. fluoromethyl such as trifluoromethyl), —COOH, —C(O)NMe₂, dimethylamino and —NHC(O)Me. Examples include unsubstituted phenyl. Substituted examples include fluorophenyl (e.g. 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl and 4-fluorophenyl), chlorophenyl (e.g. 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl and 3,4-dichlorophenyl), bromophenyl (e.g. 2-bromophenyl, 3-bromophenyl and 4-bromophenyl), aminophenyl (e.g. 2-aminophenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 4-aminophenyl), methoxyphenyl (e.g. 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl and 4-methoxyphenyl), methylphenyl (e.g. 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl and 4-methylphenyl), fluoromethylphenyl (e.g. 3-trifluoromethylphenyl and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), carboxyphenyl (e.g. 3-(COOH)-phenyl), 3-(C(O)NMe₂)-phenyl), 3-dimethylaminophenyl and 3-(NHC(O)Me)-phenyl.

When Z represents heteroaryl, examples include monocyclic (e.g. 5 and 6 membered) and bicyclic (e.g. 9 and 10 membered) heteroaryl rings, especially monocyclic rings. Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl comprise one, two or three ring heteroatoms (e.g. one or two, e.g. one) including one or two nitrogen atoms (e.g. one or e.g. two) and optionally an oxygen or sulphur atom. Exemplary 5-membered monocyclic heteroaryl groups include pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl and thiadiazolyl. Exemplary 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl groups include pyridinyl. Exemplary 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl groups also include pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl and pyrazinyl. The aforementioned heteroaryl group may either by unsubstituted or may be substituted by one or more (e.g. one or two, particularly one) substituents. Exemplary substituents are independently selected from methyl, fluoro, chloro, amino, halomethyl (e.g. fluoromethyl such as trifluoromethyl). Unsubstituted examples include pyridinyl (e.g. pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl and pyridin-4-yl), pyrazinyl (e.g. pyrazin-2-yl), pyridazinyl (e.g. pyridazin-3-yl), pyrimidinyl (e.g. pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl and pyrimidin-5-yl), oxazolyl (e.g. oxazol-2-yl and oxazol-5-yl), thiazolyl (e.g. thiazol-2-yl and thiazole-5-yl) and pyrazolyl (e.g. pyrazol-1-yl).

Substituted examples include chloropyridinyl (e.g. 4-chloropyridin-2-yl, 5-chloropyridin-2-yl and 5-chloropyridin-3-yl), fluoropyridinyl (e.g. 4-fluoropyridin-2-yl, 5-fluoropyridin-2-yl and 5-fluoropyridin-3-yl), methylpyridinyl (e.g. 2-methylpyridin-5-yl, 6-methylpyridin-2-yl and 5-methylpyridin-3-yl), fluoromethylpyridinyl (e.g. 5-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl), aminopyridinyl (e.g. 5-aminopyridin-3-yl), methylpyrazinyl (e.g. 5-methylpyrazin-2-yl), methylthiazolyl (e.g. 2-methylthiazol-4-yl) and methylpyrazolyl (e.g. 1-methylpyrazol-5-yl).

When Z represents -alkylaryl, examples include benzyl.

When Z represents -alkylheteroaryl (e.g. —CH₂-heteroaryl), examples include -alkylpyrrolyl, -alkylpyrazolyl, -alkylimidazolyl, -alkyloxazolyl, -alkylisoxazolyl, -alkylthiazolyl, -alkylisothiazolyl, -alkyloxadiazolyl, -alkylthiadiazolyl, -alkylpyridinyl, -alkylpyridazinyl, -alkylpyrimidinyl and -alkylpyrazinyl.

When Z represents carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. methyl), C₁₋₆alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), C₁₋₆haloalkyl (e.g. fluoromethyl), C₁₋₆haloalkoxy (e.g. fluoromethoxy) and halo (e.g. fluoro, e.g. chloro), Z may represent carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl. Examples include monocyclic carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl (such as methyl). Examples of carbocyclyl include C₃₋₈cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclohexyl) and C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl (e.g. cyclohexenyl). The carbocycyl ring is optionally substituted by one, two or three substituents (e.g. one or two, especially one, e.g. one methyl group). When Z represents carbocyclyl, Z may represent C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, such as C₅₋₆cycloalkyl. A specific example is cyclohexyl.

When Z represents heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. methyl), —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. —C(O)Omethyl), —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. —C(O)methyl), —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl(e.g. —C(O)NHmethyl), examples include unsubstituted heterocyclyl and heterocyclyl with one or two (e.g. one) substituent. Examples include heterocyclyl groups containing one nitrogen atom (such as pyrrolidinyl and piperidinyl) or two nitrogen atoms (such as piperazinyl). Examples also include heterocyclyl groups containing one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom (e.g. morpholinyl) or one sulfur atom (e.g. thiomorpholinyl). In one embodiment when Z is substituted, a ring nitrogen atom is substituted. Substituted examples include substituted piperazinyl, such as 4-substituted piperazinyl, e.g. 4-Boc-piperazinyl, 4-(C(O)Me)-piperazinyl, 4-(C(O)NHEt)piperazinyl and 4-methylpiperazinyl.

When Z represents -alkylcarbocyclyl (e.g. —CH₂-carbocyclyl) wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. methyl), C₁₋₆haloalkyl (e.g. fluoromethyl such as trifluoromethyl), C₁₋₆alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), C₁₋₆haloalkoxy (e.g. fluoromethoxy) and halo (e.g. fluoro, e.g. chloro), examples include —CH₂-cyclopropyl and —CH₂-cyclobutyl.

When Z represents -alkylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. methyl), —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. —C(O)Omethyl), —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. —C(O)methyl), —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl(e.g. —C(O)NHmethyl), examples include —CH₂-heterocyclyl, such as —CH₂-morpholinyl, —CH₂-piperazinyl, —CH₂-piperidinyl and —CH₂— pyrrolidinyl.

When Z represents -arylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. methyl), C₁₋₆alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), C₁₋₆haloalkyl (e.g. fluoromethyl such as trifluoromethyl), C₁₋₆haloalkoxy (e.g. fluoromethoxy) and halo (e.g. fluoro, e.g. chloro), Z may be phenylcarbocyclyl. The carbocyclyl ring may be unsubstituted or may be substituted by one or more C₁₋₆alkyl groups. The carbocyclyl ring may be monocyclic. An exemplary carbocyclyl ring is cycloalkyl. Examples include cyclopropylphenyl- and cyclohexylphenyl-.

When Z represents -arylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. methyl), —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. —C(O)Omethyl), —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. —C(O)methyl), —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g. —C(O)NHmethyl), Z may be -phenylheterocyclyl. The heterocyclyl ring may be monocyclic and may contain one or two (e.g. one) nitrogen atoms. Examples include morphinolylphenyl-, piperazinylphenyl-, piperidinylphenyl-, pyrrolidinylphenyl-. A specific example is 3-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl-.

Suitably R₁ represents H, methyl, ethyl, —C(O)OMe, CF₃ or OMe. In one embodiment R₁ represents methyl.

Suitably each R₂ independently represents H or alkyl. More suitably R₂ represents H or methyl. In one embodiment, R₂ represents H. In one embodiment R₂ represents methyl.

Suitably n represents 0 or 1, for example n represents 1.

Suitably R₃ represents H or methyl, for example R₃ represents H.

Suitably R₄ represents H or methyl, for example R₄ represents H.

Suitably R₅ represents H or methyl, for example R₅ represents H.

Suitably W and X are the same as each other.

Suitably W and X each represent C═O.

Suitably Y represents aryl (e.g. phenyl) or heteroaryl (e.g. 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl comprising one, two or three ring heteroatoms including one or two nitrogen atoms such as isoxazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl). In one embodiment Y represents phenyl. In one embodiment Y represents monocyclic heteroaryl. In one embodiment Y is substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, halo and C₁₋₆haloalkyl. In one embodiment Y is unsubstituted. In one embodiment Y is monosubstituted. When Y is 5-membered, suitably Z and NR₅ are positioned on the ring at non-adjacent ring atoms. When Y is 6-membered, suitably Z and NR₅ are positioned on the ring at 1- and 4-positions relative to each other (i.e. Z and NR₅ have a para relationship).

Suitably Z represents aryl (e.g. phenyl) or heteroaryl (for example 6-membered heteroaryl such as pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl especially pyridinyl; or 5-membered heteroaryl such as oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl). In one embodiment Z represents heteroaryl. In one embodiment Z represents aryl. In one embodiment, Z does not represent methyl or ethyl. In one embodiment Z does not represent unsubstituted alkyl.

In one embodiment there are provided compounds of formula (I) which are compounds of formula (IA)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or polymorph thereof, including all tautomers and stereoisomers thereof wherein:

R₁ represents alkyl;

each R₂ independently represents H, alkyl, carbocyclyl which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo, —NHalkyl, —N(alkyl)₂, amino, hydroxyl, alkoxy or halo;

n represents 0, 1 or 2;

R₄ represents H or alkyl;

R₅ represents H or alkyl;

W and X each independently represent C═O or C═S (in some embodiments, W and X are both C═O);

Y represents aryl; heteroaryl; carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; or heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl; and

Z represents alkyl; aryl; heteroaryl; carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy (e.g. fluoromethoxy) C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl; -arylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; or -arylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl.

In one embodiment, compounds of formula (I) are provided in which R₁ represents methyl; R₂ represents H; n represents 1; W and X each represent C═O; R₃ represents H; R₄ represents H; Y represents isoxazolyl; and Z represents phenyl which is optionally substituted by chloro, fluoro, bromo, methyl or methoxy.

In one embodiment, compounds of formula (I) are provided in which R₁ represents methyl; R₂ represents H; n represents 1; W and X each represent C═O; R₃ represents H; R₄ represents H; Y represents phenyl; and Z represents phenyl which is optionally substituted by fluoro, chloro, amino, methyl or methoxy.

In one embodiment, compounds of formula (I) are provided in which R₁ represents methyl; R₂ represents H; n represents 1; W and X each represent C═O; R₃ represents H; R₄ represents H; Y represents pyridinyl; and Z represents pyridinyl which is optionally substituted by fluoro, chloro, methyl, amino or trifluoromethyl.

In one embodiment, compounds of formula (I) are provided in which R₁ represents methyl; R₂ represents H; n represents 1; W and X each represent C═O; R₃ represents H; R₄ represents H; Y represents pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl; and Z represents pyridinyl which is optionally substituted by fluoro, chloro, methyl, amino or trifluoromethyl.

In one embodiment, R₂, R₄ and R₅ are all H, n=1 and W and X are both C═O.

In one embodiment the following compounds of formula (I) are excluded:

In one embodiment, Z is not phenyl substituted by trifluoroalkyl.

In one embodiment, when Y is isoxazolyl, Z is not positioned at the 4-position of the isoxazolyl ring.

In one embodiment, the compounds of formula (I) have an IC₅₀ against HEK293-STF3A cells of less than about 10 micromolar.

Processes

The present invention further provides a process for preparation of compounds of formula (I), wherein W and X each represent C═O, which comprises an amide coupling reaction of a compound of formula (II):

or a protected derivative thereof, wherein R₁, R₂, n, R₃, R₄, W and X are as defined above, with a compound of formula (III)

or a protected derivative thereof, wherein R₅, Y and Z are as defined above.

Compounds of formula (II) may be prepared by reaction of compounds of formula (IV)

wherein R₁, R₂ and n are as defined above, with a compound of formula (V)

wherein R₃ and R₄ are as defined above. An exemplary solvent for this reaction is chloroform.

Compounds of formula (IV) can be prepared by reaction of compounds of formula (VI)

wherein R₁ is defined as above; with a compound of formula (VII)

wherein R₂ and n are as defined above and wherein LG represents a leaving group such as Br, I, tosylate etc. The reaction may take place in the presence of triethylamine or other amine base (DBU, DBN etc.) and a solvent such as 1,4-dioxane or other dipolar aprotic solvent.

Compounds of formula (III) may be synthesized by a coupling reaction, such as a Suzuki coupling reaction. When Y is isoxazole, compounds of formula (III) may alternatively be synthesized from the corresponding oxopropanenitrile by reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The oxopropanenitrile can be obtained from the corresponding ester.

The present invention further provides a process for preparation of compounds of formula (I), wherein W and X each represent CH₂ or a protected derivative thereof, which comprises conversion of the W and X groups of compounds of formula (I) from C═O groups into CH₂ groups. This conversion can be carried out, for example, by reduction using borane dimethylsulfide.

The present invention further provides a process for preparation of compounds of formula (I), wherein W and X each represent C═S, or a protected derivative thereof, which comprises conversion of the W and X groups of compounds of formula (I) from C═O groups into C═S groups. This conversion can be carried out, for example, by using Lawesson's reagent.

Therapeutic Uses

The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) for use as a medicament.

The compounds of the present invention may have an IC₅₀ against STF3A of less than 20 micromolar, e.g. less than 10 micromolar. The IC₅₀ may be less than 5, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.2 or 0.1 micromolar. It may be between about 0.01 and about 10 micromolar, or between about 0.01 and 5, 0.01 and 1, 0.01 and 0.5, 0.01 and 0.1, 0.01 and 0.05, 0.1 and 5, 0.1 and 1, 0.1 and 0.5, 0.1 and 10, 0.5 and 10, 1 and 10, 5 and 10, 1 and 5 or 0.1 and 0.5, e.g. about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 micromolar.

The present invention provides compounds of formula (I) for use in modulation of the WNT pathway.

The present invention also provides a method of modulating WNT activity comprising exposing a WNT protein or a WNT receptor to a compound of formula (I).

In addition, the present invention provides use of a compound of formula (I) for modulating WNT activity.

The present invention additionally provides compounds of formula (I) for use in the treatment of a disease or condition associated with WNT pathway activity.

A method of treating a disease or condition associated with WNT pathway activity comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) is also provided by the present invention.

The present invention further provides use of a compound of formula (I) for treatment of a disease or condition associated with WNT pathway activity.

Also provided by the present invention is use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or condition associated with WNT pathway activity.

The aforementioned disease or condition is suitably selected from the group consisting of cancer, fibrosis, stem cell and diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and myocardial infarction.

The cancer may be a cancer characterized by high WNT activity.

The disease or condition may be a cancer, such as cervical, colon, breast, bladder, head and neck, gastric, lung, ovarian, prostate, thyroid, non-small-cell lung, as well as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mesothelioma, melanoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Wilm's tumor or medulloblastoma, or a fibrotic disease, such as pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, skin fibrosis or renal fibrosis, or a degenerative disease, or a metabolic disease such as diabetic retinopathy.

The present invention also provides use of a compound of formula (I) in diagnosis.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

To prepare the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention, at least one compound of formula (I) optionally in combination with at least one of the other aforementioned agents can be used as the active ingredient(s). The active ingredient(s) is intimately admixed with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques, which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending of the form of preparation desired for administration, e.g., oral or parenteral such as intramuscular. In preparing the compositions in oral dosage form, any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed. Thus, for liquid oral preparations, such as for example, suspensions, elixirs and solutions, suitable carriers and additives include water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents and the like; for solid oral preparations such as, for example, powders, capsules, gelcaps and tablets, suitable carriers and additives include starches, sugars, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like. Because of their ease in administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit form, in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed. If desired, tablets may be sugar coated or enteric coated by standard techniques. For parenterals, the carrier will usually comprise sterile water, though other ingredients, for example, for purposes such as aiding solubility or for preservation, may be included.

Injectable suspensions may also prepared, in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed. The pharmaceutical compositions herein will contain, per dosage unit, e.g., tablet, capsule, powder, injection, teaspoonful and the like, an amount of the active ingredient(s) necessary to deliver an effective dose as described above. The pharmaceutical compositions herein will contain, per dosage unit, e.g., tablet, capsule, powder, injection, suppository, teaspoonful and the like, from about 0.03 mg to 100 mg/kg (preferred 0.1-30 mg/kg) and may be given at a dosage of from about 0.1-300 mg/kg per day (preferred 1-50 mg/kg per day) of each active ingredient or combination thereof. The dosages, however, may be varied depending upon the requirement of the patients, the severity of the condition being treated and the compound being employed. The use of either daily administration or post-periodic dosing may be employed.

Preferably these compositions are in unit dosage forms from such as tablets, pills, capsules, powders, granules, sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions, metered aerosol or liquid sprays, drops, ampoules, autoinjector devices or suppositories; for oral parenteral, intranasal, sublingual or rectal administration, or for administration by inhalation or insufflation. Alternatively, the composition may be presented in a form suitable for once-weekly or once-monthly administration; for example, an insoluble salt of the active compound, such as the decanoate salt, may be adapted to provide a depot preparation for intramuscular injection. For preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical carrier, e.g. conventional tableting ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or gums, and other pharmaceutical diluents, e.g. water, to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. When referring to these preformulation compositions as homogeneous, it is meant that the active ingredient is dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition may be readily subdivided into equally effective dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules. This solid preformulation composition is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from 0.1 to about 500 mg of each active ingredient or combinations thereof of the present invention.

The tablets or pills of the compositions of the present invention can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action. For example, the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former. The two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permits the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release. A variety of material can be used for such enteric layers or coatings, such materials including a number of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol and cellulose acetate.

This liquid forms in which the compositions of the present invention may be incorporated for administration orally or by injection include, aqueous solutions, suitably flavoured syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavoured emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles. Suitable dispersing or suspending agents for aqueous suspensions, include synthetic and natural gums such as tragacanth, acacia, alginate, dextran, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone or gelatin.

The pharmaceutical composition may contain between about 0.01 mg and 100 mg, preferably about 5 to 50 mg, of each compound, and may be constituted into any form suitable for the mode of administration selected. Carriers include necessary and inert pharmaceutical excipients, including, but not limited to, binders, suspending agents, lubricants, flavorants, sweeteners, preservatives, dyes, and coatings. Compositions suitable for oral administration include solid forms, such as pills, tablets, caplets, capsules (each including immediate release, timed release and sustained release formulations), granules, and powders, and liquid forms, such as solutions, syrups, elixirs, emulsions, and suspensions. Forms useful for parenteral administration include sterile solutions, emulsions and suspensions.

Advantageously, compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily. Furthermore, compounds for the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal skin patches well known to those of ordinary skill in that art. To be administered in the form of transdermal delivery system, the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen.

For instance, for oral administration in the form of a tablet or capsule, the active drug component can be combined with an oral, non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ethanol, glycerol, water and the like. Moreover, when desired or necessary, suitable binders; lubricants, disintegrating agents and coloring agents can also be incorporated into the mixture. Suitable binders include, without limitation, starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or betalactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like. Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.

The liquid forms in suitable flavored suspending or dispersing agents such as the synthetic and natural gums, for example, tragacanth, acacia, methyl-cellulose and the like. For parenteral administration, sterile suspensions and solutions are desired. Isotonic preparations which generally contain suitable preservatives are employed when intravenous administration is desired.

The compounds or combinations of the present invention can also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles, and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.

Compounds or combinations of the present invention may also be delivered by the use of monoclonal antibodies as individual carriers to which the compound molecules are coupled. The compounds of the present invention may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers. Such polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamidephenol, polyhydroxyethylaspartamid-ephenol, or polyethyl eneoxidepolyllysine substituted with palmitoyl residue. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polyactic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyeric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross-linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.

Compounds or combinations of this invention may be administered in any of the foregoing compositions and according to dosage regimens established in the art whenever treatment of the addressed disorders is required.

The daily dosage of the products may be varied over a wide range from 0.01 to 1.000 mg per mammal per day. For oral administration, the compositions are preferably provided in the form of tablets containing, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 500 milligrams of each active ingredient or combinations thereof for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated. An effective amount of the drug is ordinarily supplied at a dosage level of from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 300 mg/kg of body weight per day. Preferably, the range is from about 1 to about 50 mg/kg of body weight per day. The compounds or combinations may be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day.

Optimal dosages to be administered may be readily determined by those skilled in the art, and will vary with the particular compound used, the mode of administration, the strength of the preparation, the mode of administration, and the advancement of disease condition. In addition, factors associated with the particular patient being treated, including patient age, weight, diet and time of administration, will result in the need to adjust dosages.

In a further aspect, the invention also provides a process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I), optionally in combination with at least one of the other aforementioned agents and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The compositions are preferably in a unit dosage form in an amount appropriate for the relevant daily dosage.

Suitable dosages, including especially unit dosages, of the compounds of the present invention include the known dosages including unit doses for these compounds as described or referred to inreference text such as the British and US Pharmacopoeias, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Mack Publishing Co.), Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia (London, The Pharmaceutical Press) (for example see the 31st Edition page 341 and pages cited therein) or the above mentioned publications.

EXAMPLES

STF3A Cpd IC50 ID Structure IUPAC Name μM 1

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(3- methylisoxazol-5-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 2

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(3-phenylisoxazol-5- yl)butanamide <1 3

N-(3-(3- chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 4

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-phenylisoxazol-5- yl)butanamide >10 5

N-(3-(4- chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 6

N-(3-(2- chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 7

N-(3-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)- 4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 8

N-(3-(3- fluorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 9

N-[3-(3-bromophenyl)-1,2- oxazol-5-yl]-4-{2-methyl- 5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4- oxobutanamide <1 10

N-[3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2- oxazol-5-yl]-4-{2-methyl- 5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4- oxobutanamide <5 11

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-N-[3-(3-methylphenyl)- 1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-4- oxobutanamide >10 12

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(3-(o-tolyl)isoxazol-5- yl)butanamide <0.1 13

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxo-N-{3-[3-[3 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2- oxazol-5-yl}butanamide >10 14

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)butanamide >10 15

N-[3-(4-aminophenyl)-1,2- oxazol-5-yl]-4-{2-methyl- 5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4- oxobutanamide >10 16

N-(3-(4-chloropyridin-2- yl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 17

N-(3-(5-chloropyridin-2- yl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 18

N-[3-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)- 1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-4-{2-methyl- 5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4- oxobutanamide <5 19

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(3-(pyridin-3-yl)isoxazol-5- yl)butanamide >10 20

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxo-N-[3-(pyridin-4-yl)- 1,2-oxazol-5-yl]butanamide >10 21

N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1- methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2- methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 22

N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 23

N-[5-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2- oxazol-3-yl]-4-{2-methyl- 5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4- oxobutanamide <1 24

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4- (oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4- oxobutanamide <5 25

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4- (oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 26

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-(thiazol-2-yl)pyridin-2- yl)butanamide <0.1 27

N-(4-(1H-imidazol-1- yl)phenyl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <1 28

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4-(2- methylthiazol-4-yl)phenyl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 29

N-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5- yl)phenyl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <1 30

N-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-4-(2- methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 31

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyrrolidin-1- yl)phenyl)butanamide <5 32

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4-(2- methylthiazol-4-yl)phenyl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 33

N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2- methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 34

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyridin-2- yl)phenyl)butanamide <0.1 35

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyridin-3- yl)phenyl)butanamide <0.1 36

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyridin-4- yl)phenyl)butanamide <1 37

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxo-N-[4-(pyridazin-3- yl)phenyl]butanamide <1 38

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyrimidin-4- yl)phenyl)butanamide >10 39

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxo-N-[4-(pyrimidin-5- yl)phenyl]butanamide <0.1 40

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxo-N-[4-(pyrimidin-2- yl)phenyl]butanamide <1 41

N-([2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)-4-(2- methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 42

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyrazin-2- yl)phenyl)butanamide <0.1 43

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-phenylpyridin-3- yl)butanamide <0.1 44

44Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-phenylpyridin-2- yl)butanamide <0.1 45

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-phenylpyridazin-3- yl)butanamide <0.1 46

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxo-N-(5- phenylpyrimidin-2- yl)butanamide <1 47

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-phenylpyrazin-2- yl)butanamide <0.1 48

N-([2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-(2- methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 49

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxo-N-[5-(pyridin-3- yl)pyridin-2-yl]butanamide <0.1 50

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2- yl)butanamide <0.1 51

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3- yl)butanamide <0.1 52

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2- yl)butanamide <0.1 53

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(3- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide >10 54

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(2- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 55

N-(3-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]- 4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 56

N-(2-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]- 4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <5 57

N-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 58

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(2′- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 59

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(3′- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 60

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4′- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 61

N-(2′-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 62

N-(3′-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 63

N-(4′-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 64

N-(2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 65

N-(3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 66

N-(4′-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <1 67

4′-(4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamido)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid >10 68

N,N-dimethyl-4′-(4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamido)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-3-carboxamide >10 69

N-(2′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <1 70

N-(3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 71

N-(4′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 72

N-(3′-(dimethylamino)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 73

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(3′- morpholinobiphenyl-4-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <5 74

N-(3′-acetamido-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <5 75

N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-4-(2- methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 76

tert-butyl 4-(4-(4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamido)phenyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate <0.1 77

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(piperazin-1- yl)phenyl)butanamide >10 78

N-(4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 79

Synthesis of N-ethyl-4-(6-(4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamido)pyridin-3- yl)piperazine-1-carboxamide <5 80

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4- phenylcyclohexyl)butanamide >10 81

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(1-phenylpiperidin-4- yl)butanamide >10 82

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4-(1- methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl)- 4-oxobutanamide >10 83

N-(6-(3-chlorophenyl)pyridin- 3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 84

N-(6-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin- 3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 85

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(m-tolyl)pyridin-3- yl)butanamide <0.1 86

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5- methyl-6-phenylpyridin-3-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <5 87

N-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin- 3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <1 88

N-(6-(3- fluorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl)- 4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 89

N-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin- 2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 90

N-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin- 2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 91

N-(3-methyl-5-phenylpyridin- 2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutana <5 92

N-(4-methyl-5-phenylpyridin- 2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <1 93

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-(m-tolyl)pyridin-2- yl)butanamide <0.1 94

N-(5-fluoro-2,3′-bipyridin-6′- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 95

N-(4-fluoro-2,3′-bipyridin-6′- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 96

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6- methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 97

N-(6-(3- chlorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl)- 4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 98

N-(6-(3- fluorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl)- 4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 99

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(m-tolyl)pyridazin-3- yl)butanamide <0.1 100

N-[6-(4- chlorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl]- 4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxobutanamide <0.1 101

N-(6-(4- fluorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl)- 4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 102

N-(6-(5-chloropyridin-3- yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 103

N-(6-(5-fluoropyridin-3- yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 104

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6-(5- methylpyridin-3-yl)pyridazin- 3-yl)-4-oxobutanamide <0.1 105

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(5- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3- yl)pyridazin-3-yl)butanamide <0.1 106

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5- methyl-6-(pyridin-3- yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <5 107

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6-(6- methylpyridin-3-yl)pyridazin- 3-yl)-4-oxobutanamide <0.1 108

N-(5′-chloro-[2,3′-bipyridin]- 5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 109

N-(5′-fluoro-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 110

N-(5′-methyl-2,3′-bipyridin-5- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 111

N-(3-fluoro-2,3′-bipyridin-5- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 112

N-(5′-amino-2,3′-bipyridin-5- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <1 113

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6′- methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 114

N-(5′-chloro-[3,3′-bipyridin]- 6-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 115

N-(5′-fluoro-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 116

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 117

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(piperazin-1- yl)phenyl)butanamide <0.1 118

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5′-(trifluoromethyl)-[3,3′- bipyridin]-6-yl)butanamide <0.1 119

N-(4-methyl-3,3′-bipyridin-6- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <5 120

N-(4,5′-dimethyl-3,3′- bipyridin-6-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <5 121

N-(6′-methyl-3,3′-bipyridin-6- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 122

N-(5-(5-fluoropyridin-3- yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 123

N-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyrazin- 2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 124

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(5- methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2- yl)-4-oxobutanamide <0.1 125

N-(6-methyl-5-(pyridin-3- yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 126

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-(m-tolyl)pyrazin-2- yl)butanamide <0.1 127

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(6- methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2- yl)-4-oxobutanamide <1 128

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(6- methylpyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2- yl)-4-oxobutanamide <0.1 129

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyrazin-2- yl)phenyl)butanamide <0.1 130

N-(3-(3- chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)- N-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 131

3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-(2- methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)- yl)butyl)isoxazol-5-amine >10 132

N-(3-(3- chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-3- methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 133

N-(3-(3- chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4- (6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 134

N-(3-(3- chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4- oxo-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)- yl)butanamide <0.1 135

N-(3-(3- chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4- (2-methoxy-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 136

methyl 4-(4-(3-(3- chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5- ylamino)-4-oxobutanoyl)- 4,5,6,7- tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-2-carboxylate >10 137

N-(3-(3- chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4- (2-ethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 138

N-(3-(3- chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4- (6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H- imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-1-yl)-4- oxobutanamide >10 139

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-phenylpyridazin-3- yl)butanamide <0.1 140

N-(2,3′-bipyridin-5-yl)-4-(2,6- dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 141

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3- yl)butanamide <0.1 142

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 143

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6- methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 144

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 145

N-([2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-2- methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 146

2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-phenylpyridazin-3- yl)butanamide <0.1 147

N-([3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-2- methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 148

N-(4-methyl-2,3′-bipyridin-6′- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 149

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(5- methylpyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2- yl)-4-oxobutanamide <0.1 150

2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 151

2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(6- methylpyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2- yl)-4-oxobutanamide <0.1 152

2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 153

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin- 2-yl)butanamide <0.1 154

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin- 3-yl)butanamide <1 155

N-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 156

N-(5-fluoro-6-phenylpyridin- 3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 157

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(6- methylpyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2- yl)-4-oxobutanamide <0.1 158

N-(3-fluoro-5′-methyl-[2,3′- bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 159

N-(3-(3- chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-2- methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <5 160

(S)-4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 161

(R)-4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <0.1 162

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- fluoro-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 163

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- fluoro-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 164

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5- fluoro-[2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide <1 165

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4- fluoro-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 166

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-3- yl)butanamide <1 167

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6-(5- fluoropyridin-3-yl)pyridazin- 3-yl)-4-oxobutanamide <0.1 168

N-(3,5′-dimethyl-[2,3′- bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <1 169

(S)-N-([3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-4- (2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 170

(R)-N-([3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-4- (2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1 171

N-([2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)-4- (2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide <0.1

In one embodiment, compounds selected from Examples 1 to 171 having an IC₅₀ against STF3A cells of 10 micromolar or more are excluded.

Synthesis of the Examples

The compounds were synthesized according to the following general synthesis schemes:

Compounds of formula (I) in which W and X each represent C═O, and can be synthesised according to the following scheme:

Compounds of formula (I) in which W and X each represent CH₂, and can be synthesised according to the following scheme:

Compounds of formula (I) in which W and X each represent C═S, and can be synthesised according to the following scheme:

For example, compounds of formula (I) in which R₁ represents methyl, R₂ represents H, n represents 1 and W and X each represent C═O, and can be synthesised according to the following scheme:

Synthesis of Amines

General Esterification Procedure

To a solution of the corresponding benzoic acid (1 equiv.) in methanol (0.65 M) was added concentrated sulphuric (32 M), and the resulting reaction mixture was heated at 7° C. for 10 h. After completion, the reaction mixture concentrated, water was added and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and brine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum to give the desired ester.

General Formation of 3-phenyl-3-oxopropanenitrile Procedure

The corresponding ester prepared above (1 equiv.) in tetrahydrofuran (0.9 M) and acetonitrile (1 equiv.) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of sodium hydride (1.5 equiv.) in tetrahydrofuran (0.65M). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 7° C. for 16 h. After completion of starting material, the reaction mixture was quenched with ice cold water and acdified to pH 5 with concentrated hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed brine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum to give the desired product.

General Formation of Amines

To a stirred solution of the corresponding 3-phenyl-3-oxopropanenitrile (1 equiv.) in water (0.7M) was added aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 equiv.) solution and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.1 equiv.) at room temperature. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 5 h. After completion of starting material, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and precipitated solid was collected by filtration and dried to give the desired product.

Synthesis of 3-(2-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-amine Step 1: Preparation of methyl 2-chlorobenzoate

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.84-7.82 (dd, J₁=7.6 Hz, J₂=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.26 (m, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 170.9 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-oxopropanenitrile

LC-MS: 178.0 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of 3-(2-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.70-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.32 (m, 2H), 5.60 (s, 1H), 4.52 (brs, 2H). LC-MS: 194.9 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-phenylisoxazol-5-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.73-7.74 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.45-7.43 (m, 3H), 6.78 (brs, 2H), 5.40 (s, 1H). LC-MS: m/z 161.0 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-amine

LC-MS: m/z 195 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.76-7.74 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.52-7.50 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.85 (brs, 2H), 5.42 (s, 1H). LC-MS: m/z 194.9 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-amine (VCW-WNT-168B)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.97-7.96 (m, 1H), 7.73-7.72 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, 2H), 5.51 (s, 1H). LC-MS: m/z 230 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-(3-fluorophenyl)isoxazol-5-amine Step 1: Preparation of 3-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-oxopropanenitrile

LC-MS: m/z 162.0 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of 3-(3-fluorophenyl)isoxazol-5-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.60-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.26 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (brs, 2H), 5.42 (s, 1H). LC-MS: m/z 177.0 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-(o-tolyl)isoxazol-5-amine Step 1: Preparation of 3-oxo-3-(o-tolyl)propanenitrile

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.63-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.31 (m, 2H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H).

Step 2: Preparation 3-(o-tolyl)isoxazol-5-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.44-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.23 (m, 3H), 6.70 (s, 2H), 5.18 (s, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 175 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-(4-chloropyridin-2-yl)isoxazol-5-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄): 8.55 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (m, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=4 Hz, 2 Hz, 1H), 5.61 (s, 1H). LC-MS: m/z 196 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)isoxazol-5-amine Step 1: Preparation of 3-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.81 (br s, 1H), 8.17 (br s, 1H), 8.04-8.02 (m, 1H), 4.70 (br s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 182 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of 3-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)isoxazol-5-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.70 (m, 1H), 8.03-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.89-7.87 (m, 1H), 6.88 (s, 2H), 5.44 (s, 1H). LC-MS: m/z 196 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)isoxazol-5-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.90 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 6.96 (s, 2H), 5.59 (s, 1H). LC-MS: m/z 196 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-H-pyrazol-5-amine Step 1: Preparation of 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-oxopropanenitrile

LC-MS: m/z 178.0 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-H-pyrazol-5-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.81-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.72-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.42 (m, 3H), 5.99 (s, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H). LC-MS: 208 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-3-amine

A stirred solution of 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-oxopropanenitrile (1 equiv.) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.2 equiv.) in a mixture of ethanol (0.02 M) and water (0.02 M) was adjusted to pH 8 using sodium hydroxide solution and heated at 60° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was then acidified to pH 2 using hydrochloride solution and further heated at 80° C. for 1 h. It was then allowed to cool to room temperature, basified to pH 10, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography to afford the purified product.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.74-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.51 (m, 2H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 5.71 (s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 195 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)aniline Step 1: Preparation of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidine

Triethylamine was added to a stirred solution of 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene (1.0 equiv.) and pyrrolidine (1.3 equiv.) in 2-propanol (0.1 M). The reaction was allowed to stir at reflux for 6 h. Upon consumption of starting material, solvent was evaporated to dryness; the crude diluted with water; extracted with dichloromethane; organic layers combined; washed with brine; dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo. The crude was dissolved in isopropanol and filtered to afford the pure product as a bright yellow solid.

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.05 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.61 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (m, 4H), 2.00-1.97 (m, 4H). LC-MS: m/z 193 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)aniline

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 6.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.24 (br s, 2H), 3.07 (br s, 4H), 1.90-1.87 (m, 4H). LC-MS: m/z 163 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 1-phenylpiperidin-4-amine

To a stirred solution of chlorobenzene (1.0 g, 8.92 mmol) in xylene (20 mL) were added 4-amino piperidine (0.93 mL, 8.92 mmol), KO^(t)Bu (2.0 g, 17.84 mmol), X-Phos (636 mg, 1.33 mmol) and Pd₂(dba)₃ (816 mg, 0.89 mmol), degassed with argon for 10 min. The reaction mixture was heated at 130° C. for 16 h. TLC indicated some starting material and formation of a new spot. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure, poured into ice-cold water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with water and brine solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography to afford the desired product.

LC-MS: m/z 175 [M+H]⁻.

Suzuki Coupling

General Suzuki Procedure A

Degassed solution of bromoaniline derivative (1.0 equiv.) in 1,4-dioxane (4 mL). Add potassium carbonate (3.0 equiv.) in water (1 mL) and boronic acid/pinacol ester to solution. Degassed for 10 minutes before adding tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium catalyst (0.1 eq). Degas for another 10 minutes and heat at reflux for 18 h. Solution is filtered through Celite® and extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic phase combined, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Crude was dissolved in dimethylformamide, acetonitrile and water and purified with preparative HPLC or by flash column chromatography to yield the desired product.

Synthesis of 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)aniline

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.64 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 5.33 (s, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 174 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-phenylpyrazin-2-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.49 (m, 1H), 7.96 (m, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.29 (m, 1H), 6.53 (s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 172 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine

LC-MS: m/z 200 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4′-nitro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d): 8.24 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 7.47 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.77 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 215 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6-(3-chlorophenyl)pyridin-3-amine Step 1: Preparation of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-nitropyridine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d): 9.49-9.50 (m, 1H), 8.54-8.56 (m, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.95-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.89-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.51 (m, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 235 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of 6-(3-chlorophenyl)pyridin-3-amine

A solution of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-nitropyridine in 2:1 ethanol and water (0.1M) was added iron powder (5 equiv.) and acetic acid (5 equiv.). The reaction was stirred vigorously at room temperature under ambient atmosphere for 30 min. After completion of starting material, the reaction mixture was basify with 1N NaOH (pH 8-10) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum to afford product.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d): 8.17-8.18 (m, 1H), 7.89-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.74-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.03-7.06 (m, 1H). LC-MS: m/z 205 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.14 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.68-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.05-6.97 (m, 1H), 5.55 (s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 189 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6-(m-tolyl)pyridin-3-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.01-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.74 (bs, 1H), 7.69-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09-7.07 (m, 1H), 6.99-6.97 (m, 1H), 5.42 (s, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 185 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-(3-chlorophenyl)pyridin-2-amine

LC-MS: m/z 205 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.29 (s, 1H), 7.73 (dd, J=8.6 Hz, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.39 (m, 3H), 7.09-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.52 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.12 (s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 189 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄): 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.09-8.10 (m, 1H), 7.87-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.18 (m, 2H), 6.80-6.82 (m, 1H).

Synthesis of 3-methyl-5-phenylpyridin-2-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.54 (m, 3H), 7.39 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.80 (s, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 185 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-(m-tolyl)pyridin-2-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.22-8.21 (m, 1H), 7.68-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.51 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.01 (s, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H).

LC-MS: m/z 185 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6-(3-chlorophenyl)pyridazin-3-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄): 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.81-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.48 (m, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 206 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridazin-3-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.86-7.76 (m, 3H), 7.53-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.85 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 190 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6-(m-tolyl)pyridazin-3-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.79-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.74-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.34 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.19 (m, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (s, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 186 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.92 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (s, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 187 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-amine

LC-MS: m/z 187[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5′-fluoro-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-amine

LC-MS: m/z 190 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6′-methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-amine

LC-MS: m/z 186 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5′-chloro-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-amine

LC-MS: m/z 206 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5′-fluoro-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-amine

LC-MS: m/z 190 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-(m-tolyl)pyrazin-2-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.47 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 186 [M+H]⁻.

General Suzuki Procedure B

To a stirred solution of the arylhalide (1 equiv.), boronic acid (1.1 equiv.) and sodium carbonate (2 equiv.) in dioxane (0.02 M) and water (0.05 M) was degassed for 10 min with nitrogen. Bis(cyclopentyldiphenylphosphane) dichloromethane palladium chloride iron (0.1 equiv.) was added to the reaction mixture and it was heated to reflux for 16 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool and filtered over Celite®. It was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried with magnesium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. The crude compound was purified by column chromatography to afford the desired product.

Synthesis of 4-(pyridazin-3-yl)aniline

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.01-9.00 (m, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.62-7.59 (m, 1H), 6.68 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.58 (s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 172 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)aniline

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.72 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 8.08 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.64 (s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 172 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(pyrimidin-5-yl)aniline

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.00 (m, 3H), 7.49 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.68 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.45 (s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 172 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.56 (s, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 172 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of [3,3′-bipyridin]-6-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.79 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.47-8.45 (m, 1H), 8.29 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.97-7.94 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.38 (m, 1H), 6.55-6.53 (m, 1H), 6.15 (s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 172 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.14-9.13 (m, 1H), 8.60-8.59 (m, 1H), 8.34-8.31 (m, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.48 (m, 1H), 6.92 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (bs, 1H). LC-MS: m/z 173 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 2-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine

LC-MS: m/z 184 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine

LC-MS: m/z 184 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine

LC-MS: m/z 188 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.41-7.32 (m, 5H), 7.02-6.99 (m, 1H), 6.63 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.29 (s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 188 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3′-nitro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.29 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.05-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.64 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.67 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.41 (s, 2H).

Synthesis of 4-(pyrazin-2-yl)aniline

MS (ESI) m/z 172 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 2-fluorobiphenyl-4-amine

MS (ESI) m/z 188 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4′-fluorobiphenyl-4-amine

MS (ESI) m/z 188 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-methyl-6-phenylpyridin-3-amine

MS (ESI) m/z 185 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-methyl-5-phenylpyridin-2-amine

MS (ESI) m/z 186 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-fluoro-2,3′-bipyridin-6′-amine

MS (ESI) m/z 190 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)pyridazin-3-amine

LC-MS: m/z 206 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-amine Step-1: Preparation of 3-chloro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine

A stirred solution of 3-bromo-5-chloropyridine (1 equiv.), bis(pinacaloto) diborane (1.2 equiv.), potassium acetate (3 equiv.) in 1,4-dioxane (0.2 M) was degassed with argon for 20 min. To the reaction mixture was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂.DCM (0.05 equiv.) under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for 16 h. The worked-up material was used in the next step without purification.

Step-2: Preparation of 6-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-amine

LC-MS: m/z 207 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-methyl-6-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.60-8.59 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.94-7.92 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.46 (m, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.36 (brs, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H). LC-MS: 187.0 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of 5′-methyl-2,3′-bipyridin-5-amine

LC-MS: m/z 186 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5′-methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.30-8.29 (m, 1H), 8.27-8.26 (m, 1H), 7.78 (bs, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J=9.2 Hz, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.12 (s, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 186 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-methyl-3,3′-bipyridin-6-amine

LC-MS: m/z 186 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 6′-methyl-3,3′-bipyridin-6-amine

MS (ESI) m/z 186 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-amine

MS (ESI) n/z 187 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(pyrazin-2-yl)aniline

MS (ESI) m/z 172 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Di tert-butyl (6′-amino-[3,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)carbamate

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (bs, 2H), 1.39 (s, 18H); MS (ESI) m/z 387.30 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.51 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.40 (m, 1H), 6.67 (bs, 2H); MS (ESI) m/z 173.0 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4,5′-dimethyl-3,3′-bipyridin-6-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 5.93 (bs, 2H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 2.33 (s, 1H), 2.11 (s, 1H); MS (ESI) m/z 200.0 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 5-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-amine Step 1: Preparation of 3-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine

A stirred solution of 3-bromo-5-fluoropyridine (1 equiv.), Bis(pinacolato) diborane (1.1 equiv.), KOAc (2 equiv.) in 1,4-dioxane (0.4 M) was degassed with argon for 20 min. To the reaction mixture, Pd(dppf)Cl₂.DCM (0.1 equiv.) was added under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 110° C. for 4 h. The worked-up material was used in the next step without further purification.

MS (ESI) m/z 224 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of 5-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-amine

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.01 (t, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.65 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 8.16-8.12 (m, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (s, 2H); MS (ESI) m/z 191.17 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Acid-Intermediate:

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid Step 1: Preparation of 2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

A stirred solution of 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (1 equiv.) in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 M) was added TEA (5 equiv.) at 0° C. After 15 minutes 1,3-dibromopropane (1.2 equiv.) was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 5 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the intermediate.

Step 2: Preparation of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid

To a stirred solution of 2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (1 equiv.) in chloroform (0.5 M) was added succinic anhydride (1.3 equiv.). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After completion, the solid which was precipitated was filtered and washed with n-pentane and dried to afford the product.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 12.11 (s, 1H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.02-3.99 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.82 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 238 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid

To a solution of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (1 equiv.) in chloroform (0.4 M) was added succinic anhydride (1.3 equiv.) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered and solid was washed with chloroform and dried to afford the product.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 12.14 (s, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 4.12-4.09 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.88-3.86 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.77 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.52-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.08 (m, 2H). LC-MS (ESI): MS m/z 224.0 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-oxo-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)butanoic acid Step 1: Preparation of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

A solution of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (1 equic.) in 1,4-dioxane (0.2 M) was treated with 1,3-dibromopropane (1.2 equiv.) and triethylamine (5 equiv.) at 0° C. and the reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. for 12 h. After completion, reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered under reduced pressure and concentrated to afford crude product.

The crude product was purified by flash chromatography to afford the product.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz; DMSO-d₆): 12.25 (brs, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 5.52 (s, 1H), 4.03-4.00 (t, 2H), 3.58 (s, 1H), 3.18-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.97 (m, 2H). LC-MS: MS m/z 192 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of 4-oxo-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)butanoic acid

To a solution of compound 2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (1 equiv.) in CHCl₃ (0.15 M) was added succinic anhydride (2 equiv.) at room temperature. The resulted reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 60 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to afford crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to afford the product.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 12.20 (s, 2H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 4.20 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 3.92 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.82 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 2.53-2.49 (m, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.17 (brs, 2H). LC-MS: MS m/z 290 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid

Step 1: Preparation of 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl dimethanesulfonate

To a stirred solution of 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol (1 equiv.) in dichloromethane (0.45 M) was added methane sulfonyl chloride (2.8 equiv.), using triethylamine (2.8 equiv.) at 0° C. to room temperature for 16 h. Upon completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was washed with water and brine solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude intermediate.

Step 2: Preparation of 2,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

To a stirred solution of 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl dimethanesulfonate (1.2 equiv.) in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 M) were added 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (1 equiv.) and triethylamine (5 equiv.). The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for 48 h. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure, purified by column chromatography to afford the intermediate.

Step 3: Preparation of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid

To a stirred solution of 2,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (1 equiv.) in chloroform (0.15 M) was added succinic anhydride (1 equiv.) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the product.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 12.08 (s, 1H), 6.35 (brs, 1H), 4.12-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.99 (brs, 1H), 3.64-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.35 (brs, 1H), 2.85-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.70 (brs, 1H), 2.49-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.25 (brs, 1H), 2.08 (brs, 3H), 1.04-1.02 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 252.07 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of ethyl 2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoate

Step 1: Preparation of 2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

To a stirred solution of 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (1 equiv.) in 1,4-dioxane (0.1 M) was added triethylamine (5 equiv.) at 0° C. After 15 minutes, 1,3-dibromopropane (1.2 equiv.) was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 5 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the intermediate.

Step 2: Preparation of 2-bromo-1-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)ethanone

To a stirred solution of 2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (1 equiv.) in dichloromthane (0.6 M) was added 2-bromoacetyl bromide (2 equiv.) drop wise at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The solid thus formed was filtered and washed with n-pentane then dried to afford the intermediate.

Step 3: Preparation of ethyl 2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoate

To a stirred solution of NaH (60% suspension in mineral oil) (1.2 equiv.) in DMSO (0.5 M) was added ethyl 2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)acetate (1.1 equiv.) at room temperature. After 30 min, to the reaction mixture was added 2-bromo-1-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)ethanone (1 equiv.) portion-wise at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with ice-cold water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to afford the intermediate. LC-MS: m/z 402 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of ethyl 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-2-methylene-4-oxobutanoate

To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoate (1 equiv.) in THF (0.4 M) was added aqueous K₂CO₃ (1.5 equiv., 2 M) followed by aq. HCHO (20 equiv.) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 45 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to afford the product. LC-MS: m/z 278 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Preparation of ethyl 2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoate

To a solution of ethyl 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-2-methylene-4-oxobutanoate (1 equiv.) in ethanol (0.1 M) was added a slurry of 10% Pd/C (10% w/w) in methanol under nitrogen and the reaction mixture was hydrogenated under H₂ (50 psi) at room temperature for 8 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite bed and washed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to afford the product. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 6.33 (brs, 1H), 4.08-4.03 (m, 4H), 3.99-3.81 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.08 (brs, 5H), 1.19-1.13 (m, 6H). MS (ESI) m/z 280 [M+H]⁻.

General Procedure for amide coupling reactions:

Amide Coupling Method A:

A solution of the respective amine (1 equiv.) and acid-intermediate (1.1 equiv.) in pyridine (0.1 M) was cooled to 0° C. under nitrogen atmosphere and treated with POCl₃ (3 equiv.). The reaction mixture stirred for 45 min. After consumption of starting material, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under vacuum. The crude compound was purified by reversed phase chromatography to afford desired product.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 1

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄): 6.15 (s, 1H), 4.55 (s, 1H), 4.10 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.91-3.94 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.78 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (bs, 2H), 2.17 (s, 3H).

LC-MS: m/z 318 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)butanamide, Compound 2

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.80 (s, 1H), 7.84-7.83 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 2H), 7.50-7.48 (m, 3H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 4.07 (m, 2H), 3.86 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.71 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.07-2.05 (m, 5H). LC-MS: 380.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 3

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄): 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.60-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.29 (m, 2H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.13 (brs, 1H), 3.81 (brs, 2H), 3.64 (s, 1H), 2.70 (brs, 2H), 2.52-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 2H), 1.86 (brs, 5H). LC-MS: MS m/z 414 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)butanamide, Compound 4

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.99 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.57 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.34 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.29-7.25 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (brs, 1H), 6.35 (brs, 1H), 4.00-3.97 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.83-3.80 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.67-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.07 (brs, 5H). LC-MS: MS m/z 380 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 5

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.83 (s, 1H), 7.88-7.86 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 7.57-7.55 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.02-4.01 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.87-3.85 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.70 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.05-2.03 (m, 5H). LC-MS: 414.2 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of N-(3-(2-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 6

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.89 (s, 1H), 7.69-7.67 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.62 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.53 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.45 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 4.03-3.99 (m, 2H), 3.86-3.83 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.70 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 2.08-2.05 (m, 5H). LC-MS: 414.15 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 7

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.84 (br s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H), 7.86-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (br s, 2H), 2.91-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 449 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(3-fluorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 8

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.84 (s, 1H), 7.71-7.67 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.57-7.52 (q, J=8.4 Hz 1H), 7.37-7.32 (m, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 4.03-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.88-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.70 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.09-2.05 (m, 5H). LC-MS: 398.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-[3-(3-bromophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 9

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.44 (br s, 1H), 4.10 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (br s, 2H), 3.00 (br s, 2H), 2.82 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.22-2.17 (m, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 459 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-[3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 10

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) 7.40-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.04-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 6.45 (br s, 1H), 4.10 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.00 (br s, 2H), 2.82 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.22-2.17 (m, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 410 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-N-[3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 11

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) 7.61-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 6.46 (br s, 1H), 4.10 (t, J=Hz, 2H), 3.95-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.00 (s, 2H), 2.82 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.22-2.17 (m, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 394 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(3-(o-tolyl)isoxazol-5-yl)butanamide, Compound 12

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 11.79 (br s, 1H), 7.50-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.28 (m, 3H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 394 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxo-N-{3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}butanamide, Compound 13

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) 9.34-9.25 (m, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H)), 7.56 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 4.17 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.99-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.09-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.19 (m, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 448 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)butanamide, Compound 14

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) 7.78-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.72 (m, 4H), 7.63-7.65 (m, 2H), 4.55 (s, 1H), 4.10 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.94-3.96 (m, 2H), 2.98-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.79 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (bs, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 457 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-[3-(4-aminophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 15 Step 1: Preparation of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(4-nitrophenyl)isoxazol-3-yl)-4-oxobutanamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 11.90 (s, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 8.14 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.92 (s, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 425 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of N-[3-(4-aminophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxobutanamide

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-N-[3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-4-oxobutanamide (1 equiv.), ammonium chloride (4 equiv.), and iron (2 equiv.) were added to a solution of ethanol (0.02 M) and water (0.08 M), and heated at 40° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was then filtered, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate.

The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by reversed phase preparative HPLC to afford the purified product.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 11.61 (br s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.61 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 5.50 (s, 2H), 4.02 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 2.90 (s, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 395 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(4-chloropyridin-2-yl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 16

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.90 (br s, 1H), 8.69 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=4.0 Hz, 2 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (br s, 2H), 2.93-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 415 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 17

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.88 (br s, 1H), 8.76 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H), 8.09-8.07 (m, 1H), 8.01-7.99 (m, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (br s, 2H), 2.91 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 415 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-[3-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 18

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 11.83 (br s, 1H), 9.01 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.75 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.92-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 415 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(3-(pyridin-3-yl)isoxazol-5-yl)butanamide, Compound 19

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.85 (br s, 1H), 9.03 (s, 1H), 8.69-8.67 (m, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.51 (m, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (br s, 2H), 2.91-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.71 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 381 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxo-N-[3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]butanamide, Compound 20

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄): 8.66 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.44 (br s, 1H), 4.10 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.95-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.01 (s, 2H), 2.84-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.17 (m, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 381 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 21

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.13 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.72-7.70 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.39 (t, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.32 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.36 (s, 1H), 4.02-4.00 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.88-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.92-288 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.67 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.09-2.07 (m, 5H). LC-MS: 427.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 22

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d): 8.05 (1H, t), 7.93-7.95 (1H, m), 7.46-7.52 (1H, m), 7.40 (1H, t), 4.17 (2H, t), 3.66 (2H, bs), 3.07 (4H, m), 2.18 (5H, m). LC-MS: m/z 415.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-[5-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 23

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.14 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.86-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.09 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 414 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4-(oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 24

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.18 (s, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.71-7.64 (m, 5H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.04-4.01 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.88-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 380 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4-(oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 25

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.25 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.86 (m, 3H), 7.73-7.70 (m, 3H), 4.04-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.86 (br s, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 396 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(5-(thiazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)butanamide, Compound 26

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.49 (br s, 1H), 8.28-8.21 (m, 2H), 7.88 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (br s, 0.5H), 5.81 (br s, 0.5H), 4.16 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.93 (br s, 2H), 3.05-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.18 (m, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 397 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 27

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.17 (s, 1H), 8.17 (br s, 1H), 7.72-7.68 (m, 3H), 7.57-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.09 (br s, 1H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (br s, 2H), 2.88 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 379 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 28

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.08 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.78) s, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.31 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.88 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.67-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 410 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4-(1-methyl-H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 29

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.17 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.46-7.43 (m, 3H), 6.34 (d, J=2 Hz, 2H), 4.02 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (br s, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 2.89 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 393 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 30

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.90 (s, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.01 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (br s, 2H), 2.87-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.61 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.07 (br s, 5H), 1.25 (s, 9H). LC-MS: m/z 369 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)butanamide, Compound 31

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄): 7.30 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.53 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.10 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.93 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.26-3.23 (m, 4H), 2.95 (bs, 2H), 2.72 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.33-2.18 (m, 6H), 2.02-2.00 (m, 4H). LC-MS: m/z 382 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 32

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 10.65 (s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.26-8.24 (m, 1H), 8.12-8.10 (m, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 2.89-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.72 (m, 5H), 2.07 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 411 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 33

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.09 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.64-7.60 (m, 4H), 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.31 (m, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.68-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 389 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)butanamide, Compound 34

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.15 (s, 1H), 8.62 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.91-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.86-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.27 (m, 1H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (br s, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 390 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)butanamide, Compound 35

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.14 (s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (q, J=9.2 Hz, 4H) 7.47-7.44 (m, 1H), 6.35 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (br s, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 390 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)butanamide, Compound 36

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.20 (s, 1H), 8.59 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 7.76 (q, J=8.8 Hz, 4H), 7.68 (d, J=6 Hz, 2H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.10-4.01 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (br s, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 390 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxo-N-[4-(pyridazin-3-yl)phenyl]butanamide, Compound 37

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.24 (s, 1H), 8.18-8.11 (m, 3H), 7.79-7.73 (m, 3H), 6.35 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 2.90-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 391 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)butanamide, Compound 38

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.29 (s, 1H), 9.17 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.79 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.19-8.17 (m, 2H), 8.03-8.01 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 391 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxo-N-[4-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl]butanamide, Compound 39

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.20 (s, 1H), 9.13-9.11 (m, 3H), 7.79-7.74 (m, 4H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.04-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 391 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxo-N-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]butanamide, Compound 40

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄): 8.82 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 8.36 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.98-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.01 (br s, 2H), 2.82 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.24-2.20 (m, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 391 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-([2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 41

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d): 10.72 (1H, s), 9.02 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 8.66 (1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 8.43 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.00 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.86-7.91 (1H, m), 7.35-7.38 (1H, m), 6.34 (1H, bs), 4.02 (2H, t), 3.86 (2H, bs), 2.89 (2H, t), 2.74 (2H, t), 2.08 (5H, m). LC-MS: m/z 391.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-(pyrazin-2-yl)phenyl)butanamide, Compound 42

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.24 (s, 1H), 9.21 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.68-8.65 (m, 1H), 8.55 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.12-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.80-7.72 (m, 2H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 391 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(6-phenylpyridin-3-yl)butanamide, Compound 43

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d): 8.66 (1H, s), 8.52 (1H, bs), 8.23 (1H, bs), 8.10 (1H, s), 7.89 (2H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 7.65 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37-7.47 (3H, m), 4.17 (2H, t), 3.90 (2H, bs), 2.98 (2H, m), 2.82 (2H, t), 2.23 (5H, m). LC-MS: m/z 390.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(5-phenylpyridin-2-yl)butanamide, Compound 44

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d): 8.66 (1H, s), 8.52 (1H, bs), 8.23 (1H, bs), 8.10 (1H, s), 7.89 (2H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 7.65 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37-7.47 (3H, m), 4.17 (2H, t), 3.90 (2H, bs), 2.98 (2H, m), 2.82 (2H, t), 2.23 (5H, m). LC-MS: m/z 390.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(6-phenylpyridazin-3-yl)butanamide, Compound 45

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.25 (1H, s), 8.36 (1H, d, J=9.6 Hz), 8.21 (1H, d, J=9.6 Hz), 8.09 (2H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 7.49-7.56 (3H, m), 6.33 (1H, bs), 4.02 (2H, t), 3.86 (2H, bs), 2.91 (2H, t), 2.80 (2H, t), 2.08 (5H, m). LC-MS: m/z 391.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxo-N-(5-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)butanamide, Compound 46

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.71 (s, 1H), 8.98 (s, 2H), 7.77 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (s, 4H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 391 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(5-phenylpyrazin-2-yl)butanamide, Compound 47

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.93 (s, 1H), 9.37 (s, 1H), 9.00 (s, 1H), 8.10-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.45 (m, 3H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.93-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.76 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 391 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-([2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 48

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.50 (s, 1H), 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.89 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.58 (dd, J=4 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.39-8.36 (m, 1H), 8.20-8.17 (m, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (bs, 2H), 2.93-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 391 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxo-N-[5-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl]butanamide, Compound 49

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 10.68 (s, 1H), 8.94 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.58-8.57 (m, 1H), 8.16-8.12 (m, 3H), 7.51-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 391 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(5-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)butanamide, Compound 50

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d): 9.01 (1H, d, J=1.2 Hz), 8.94 (1H, s), 8.63 (1H, t), 8.53 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 8.45 (1H, s), 8.33 (2H, m), 4.16 (2H, t), 3.94 (2H, bs), 2.97 (2H, m), 2.87 (2H, t), 2.23 (4H, m), 1.25 (3H, s). LC-MS: m/z 392.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)butanamide, Compound 52

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.40 (s, 1H), 9.27 (m, 1H), 9.08 (m, 1H), 8.65-8.64 (m, 1H), 8.45-8.43 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.52 (m, 1H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.93-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.77 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 392 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(3-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 53

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.38 (s, 1H), 7.65-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.42 (m, 5H), 7.35-7.31 (m, 1H), 6.36 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.89-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 403 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(2-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 54

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.99 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.40 (m, 4H), 7.35-7.29 (m, 3H), 7.12-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.35 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.89-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 403 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 55

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.35-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.21-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.35 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.88-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 419 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(2-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 56

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.10 (s, 1H), 7.51 (bs, 1H), 7.46-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.37 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.29-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.21 (s, 2H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 419 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 57

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.31 (s, 1H), 7.73-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.42 (m, 5H), 7.41-7.34 (m, 2H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.92-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 407 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(2′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 58

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.08 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.16 (m, 6H), 6.35 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 403 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 59

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.09 (s, 1H), 7.69-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.12 (m, 1H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 403 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 60

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.07 (s, 1H), 7.67-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.51 (m, 4H), 7.24 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.88 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.67-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 403 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(2′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 61

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.05 (s, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.08 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (t, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.88 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.67-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 419 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 62

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.10 (s, 1H), 7.69-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.63-7.60 (m, 6H), 7.37-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.16 (m, 2H), 6.91-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.35 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.87-3.82 (m, 5H), 2.91-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 419 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 63

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.05 (s, 1H), 7.65-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.53 (m, 4H), 6.99 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.30 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.90-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.65 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 419 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 65

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.13 (s, 1H), 7.71-7.65 (m, 4H), 7.51-7.46 (m, 3H), 7.16-7.12 (m, 1H), 6.35 (br, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (br, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.08 (br, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 407 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4′-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 66

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.10 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.61-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.20 (m, 2H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.92-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H); MS (ESI) m/z 407 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4′-(4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamido)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid, Compound 67

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.12 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.98-7.94 (m, 1H), 7.90-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.73-7.64 (m, 4H), 7.56 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 433 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(2′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 69 Step 1: Preparation of N-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.13 (s, 1H), 7.57-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.45 (m, 2H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.01 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 2.88-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 392 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of N-(2′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide

The desired product was obtained using general Suzuki procedure A.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.06 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.03-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.74-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.61 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H) 6.35 (br s, 1H), 4.70 (s, 2H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 404 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 70 Step 1: Preparation of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(2-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-oxobutanamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.17 (s, 1H), 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.18-8.12 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.71 (m, 5H), 6.35 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 434 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of N-(3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-N-[4-(3-nitrophenyl)phenyl]-4-oxobutanamide (1 equiv.), ammonium chloride (4 equiv.), and iron (2 equiv.) were added to a solution of ethanol (0.02 M) and water (0.08 M), and heated at 40° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was then filtered, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by reversed phase preparative HPLC to afford the purified product.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.05 (s, 1H), 7.65-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.06 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.75-6.73 (m, 1H), 6.52-6.50 (m, 1H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.89-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 404 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 71 Step 1: Preparation of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4′-nitro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-oxobutanamide

MS: m/z 434 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of N-(4′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide

The desired product was obtained in a similar fashion as compound 70.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.97 (s, 1H), 7.60-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.34 (m, 2H), 6.67 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 5.70-5.60 (br s, 2H), 4.02 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.89-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 404 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3′-(dimethylamino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 72

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.03 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.25-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.04-6.96 (m, 2H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.47 (s, 6H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 432 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3′-acetamido-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 74

N-[4-(3-aminophenyl)phenyl]-4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxobutanamide (1 equiv.) was dissolved in dichloromethane (0.02 M) at 0° C. Triethylamine (1 equiv.), followed by acetyl chloride (1.05 equiv.), was added to the solution, and the reaction mixture allowed to stir for 30 min. It was then diluted with water and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by reversed phase preparative HPLC to afford the purified product.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 10.09 (s, 1H), 9.98 (s, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.69-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.54-7.52 (m, 3H), 7.36-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.08-2.05 (m, 8H). LC-MS: m/z 446 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 75

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.88 (s, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.11 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (bs, 2H), 2.87-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.61 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.08 (bs, 5H), 1.76-1.67 (m, 5H), 1.41-1.19 (m, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 395 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of tert-butyl 4-(4-(4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamido)phenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate, Compound 76

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.77 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.88 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.30 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (bs, 2H), 3.45-3.43 (m, 4H), 3.02-2.99 (m, 4H), 2.87-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.57 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H), 1.42 (s, 9H). LC-MS: m/z 497 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)butanamide, Compound 77

4M HCl in dioxane (15 equiv.) was added to the boc-protected amine (1 equiv.) and stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Upon completion, reaction was extracted with saturated sodium bicarbonate, organic layers combined, dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to dryness in vacuo. Crude was purified by recrystallisation with dichloromethane/hexane and lyophilized to afford pure product as an off white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.73 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (bs, 2H), 2.98-2.95 (m, 4H), 2.84-2.81 (m, 6H), 2.58 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 397 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 78

A solution of compound 77 (1.0 equiv.) in dry tetrahydrofuran was added to a stirred mixture of acid chloride (1.0 equiv.) and triethylamine (1.2 equiv.) in tetrahydrofuran at 0° C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature with continued stirring for 3 h. Upon completion of reaction, solvent was evaporated to dryness in vacuo and crude extracted with ethyl acetate and dried over magnesium sulphate. Crude was purified by crashing out solids with DCM/methano;/hexane to afford a white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.77 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.89 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.30 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (bs, 2H), 3.57-3.54 (m, 4H), 3.08-3.06 (m, 2H), 3.01-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H), 2.03 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 439 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-ethyl-4-(6-(4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamido)pyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxamide, Compound 79

Step 1: Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(6-(4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamido)pyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

LC-MS: m/z 498 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)butanamide

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(6-(4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamido)pyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (1 equiv.) in dichloromethane (0.04M) was added TFA (5 equiv.) drop-wise at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and basified with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and then extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the intermediate.

LC-MS: m/z 398 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of N-ethyl-4-(6-(4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamido)pyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)butanamide (1 equiv.) in THF (0.015 M) was added ethylisocyanate (4.5 equiv.) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. in sealed tube for 16 h.

The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude product. The crude product was purified by preparative TLC to afford the product.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.25 (s, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.39 (dd, J=2.7 Hz, 9.3 Hz, 1H), 6.53-6.55 (m, 1H), 6.32 (brs, 1H), 4.01 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.84 (brs, 2H), 3.39-3.41 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.07 (m, 6H), 2.82-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.64-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.07 (brs, 5H), 1.01 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 469.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-phenylcyclohexyl)butanamide, Compound 80

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.78 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.21 (m, 4H), 7.19-7.13 (m, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.01 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (bs, 2H), 3.65-3.52 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.08 (m, 5H), 1.90-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.25 (m, 2H); MS (ESI) m/z 395 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 82

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d): 9.90 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (bs, 2H), 2.88-2.86 (m, 5H), 2.61 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H), 2.01-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.60 (m, 4H). LC-MS: m/z 410 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(6-(3-chlorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 83

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄): 8.80-8.81 (m, 1H), 8.18-8.20 (m, 1H), 7.97-7.98 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.47 (m, 2H), 4.55 (s, 1H), 4.19 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.94-3.96 (m, 2H), 2.99-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.82 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (bs, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 424 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(6-(m-tolyl)pyridin-3-yl)butanamide, Compound 85

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.31 (s, 1H), 8.81-8.80 (m, 1H), 8.14-8.11 (m, 1H), 7.91-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.82-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.34 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.19 (m, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.92-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 404 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-methyl-6-phenylpyridin-3-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 86

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.24 (s, 1H), 8.64 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.35 (m, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 404 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 87

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.33 (s, 1H), 8.81-8.80 (m, 1H), 8.13-8.05 (m, 3H), 7.90 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (t, 8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.92-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 408 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(6-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 88

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.67 (s, 1H), 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.42 (m, 1H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 424 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 89

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.67 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 2H), 7.61-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.91-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 408 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 90

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.62 (s, 1H), 8.62-8.63 (m, 1H), 8.12-8.14 (m, 1H), 8.04-8.07 (m, 1H), 7.73-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.32 (m, 2H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.55 (s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85-3.87 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (bs, 2H), 2.08 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 408 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-methyl-5-phenylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 91

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.07 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.72-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.38 (m, 1H), 6.35 (br s, 1H), 4.01 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 2.89-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 404 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4-methyl-5-phenylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 92

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.55 (s, 1H), 8.61 (s, 2H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 2.73 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 404.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(5-(m-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)butanamide, Compound 93

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.63 (s, 1H), 8.63-8.622 (m, 1H), 8.14-8.12 (m, 1H), 8.07-8.04 (m, 1H), 7.53 (bs, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 404 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(5-fluoro-2,3′-bipyridin-6′-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 94

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.72 (s, 1H), 8.99 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.66 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.43-8.38 (m, 1H), 8.19-8.14 (m, 1H), 8.12-8.07 (m, 1H), 7.84 (td, J=8.8, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.92-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 409 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4-fluoro-2,3′-bipyridin-6′-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 95

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.75 (s, 1H), 9.07 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.70-8.67 (dd, J=5.7 Hz, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 8.48-8.46 (dd, J=2.2 Hz, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.28 (m, 1H), 6.33 (brs, 1H), 4.04-4.01 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (brs, 2H), 2.89 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (brs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 409.11 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6-methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 96

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.71 (s, 1H), 9.01-9.00 (m, 1H), 8.42-8.40 (m, 1H), 8.17-8.15 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.80-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.21 (m, 1H), 6.33 (br, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (br, 2H), 2.89-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 2.08 (br, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 405 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(6-(3-chlorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 97

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄): 8.50-8.53 (m, 1H), 8.08-8.13 (m, 2H), 7.94-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.52 (m, 1H), 4.55 (s, 1H), 4.11 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.95-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.00-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.91 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (bs, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 425 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-[6-(4-chlorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl]-4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 100

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.29 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.07 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 426 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 101

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d): 9.17 (1H, bs), 8.50 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz), 8.00-8.04 (2H, m), 7.82 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz), 7.19 (2H, t), 4.16 (2H, t), 3.94 (2H, bs), 2.96-3.06 (4H, m), 2.23 (5H, m). LC-MS: m/z 409.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(6-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 102

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.36 (s, 1H), 9.24 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.75 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.59 (t, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (q, J=9.2 Hz, 17.1 Hz, 2H), 6.35 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (br s, 2H), 2.91-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.83-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 426.24 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(5′-chloro-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 108

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d): 9.02 (1H, bs), 8.68 (1H, s), 8.57 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 8.29-8.32 (3H, m), 7.73 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 4.16 (2H, t), 3.94 (2H, bs), 2.97 (2H, m), 2.89 (2H, t), 2.24 (5H, m). LC-MS: m/z 425.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(5′-fluoro-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 109

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.43 (s, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.87 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.59 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.29-8.25 (m, 1H), 8.21-8.18 (m, 1H), 8.10-8.08 (m, 1H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.92-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 409 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-fluoro-2,3′-bipyridin-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 111

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.68 (s, 1H), 9.05 (s, 1H), 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.70-8.65 (m, 1H), 8.30-8.15 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.50 (s, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.10-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 3.00-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 409 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(5′-amino-2,3′-bipyridin-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 112

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.38 (s, 1H), 8.83 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.12-8.09 (m, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.88-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.58-7.52 (m, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 5.40 (s, 2H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H); MS (ESI) m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6′-methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 113

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.36 (s, 1H), 9.08-9.07 (m, 1H), 8.83-8.82 (m, 1H), 8.27-8.25 (m, 1H), 8.16-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.92-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 405 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(5′-chloro-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 114

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.73 (s, 1H), 8.92 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.62 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.34-8.33 (m, 1H), 8.23-8.15 (m, 2H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 425 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(5′-fluoro-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 115

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.73 (s, 1H), 8.86 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.58 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.24-8.13 (m, 3H), 6.30 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 409 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′-methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 116

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.68 (s, 1H), 8.74-8.70 (m, 2H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.18-8.12 (m, 2H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 405 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)butanamide, Compound 117 Step 1: Preparation of Boc-protected 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)butanamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.71 (s, 1H), 8.90 (m, 1H), 8.75 (bs, 1H), 8.44-8.43 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.19-8.15 (m, 3H), 6.36 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.91-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H), 1.40 (s, 18H). LC-MS: m/z 606 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)butanamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.64 (s, 1H), 8.56 (m, 1H), 8.14 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.06-8.05 (m, 1H), 8.01-7.99 (m, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (t, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 5.41 (s, 2H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(5′-(trifluoromethyl)-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)butanamide, Compound 118

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.77 (s, 1H), 9.27-9.26 (m, 1H), 8.97 (bs, 1H), 8.85-8.84 (m, 1H), 8.56 (bs, 1H), 8.31-8.28 (m, 1H), 8.20-8.18 (m, 1H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 459 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4-methyl-3,3′-bipyridin-6-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 119

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.56 (s, 1H), 8.61 (s, 2H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.87 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.73 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 5H); MS (ESI) m/z 405.39 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4,5′-dimethyl-3,3′-bipyridin-6-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 120

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d): 10.57 (s, 1H), 8.44 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.90-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 419 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(6′-methyl-3,3′-bipyridin-6-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 121

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄): 8.68 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.58 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.22-8.18 (m, 1H), 8.08-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (s, 1H), 4.11 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.96 (bs, 2H), 3.03-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.15 (m, 5H); MS (ESI) m/z 405 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(5-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 122

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.06 (s, 1H), 9.42 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 9.18 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 9.14 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.66 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.40-8.30 (m, 1H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 410 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 123

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 10.98 (s, 1H), 9.37 (s, 1H), 9.05 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.97-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.28 (m, 1H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 3.27 (s, 1H), 2.93-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.76 (m, 2H), 2.07 (s. 3H). LC-MS: m/z 409 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 124

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.98 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 2H), 9.06 (s, 2H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.39 (bs, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H); MS (ESI) m/z 404.10 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(6-methyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 125

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.95 (s, 1H), 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.83-8.82 (m, 1H), 8.65-8.63 (m, 1H), 8.07-8.04 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.51 (m, 1H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 z, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.92-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(5-(m-tolyl)pyrazin-2-yl)butanamide, Compound 126

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.91 (s, 1H), 9.35 (s, 1H), 8.97 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 405 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 127

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.97 (s, 1H), 9.38 (s, 1H), 9.13 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 9.04 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (dd, J=8.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(6-methylpyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 128

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.79 (s, 1H), 9.08-9.06 (m, 2H), 8.51 (bs, 1H), 8.49-8.46 (m, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.91-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(4-(pyrazin-2-yl)phenyl)butanamide, Compound 129

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.24 (s, 1H), 9.21 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.68-8.65 (m, 1H), 8.55 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.12-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.80-7.72 (m, 2H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 391 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-N-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 130

Step 1: Preparation of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄): 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.60-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.29 (m, 2H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.13 (brs, 1H), 3.81 (brs, 2H), 3.64 (s, 1H), 2.70 (brs, 2H), 2.52-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 2H), 1.86 (brs, 5H). LC-MS: MS m/z 414 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-N-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide

To a stirred solution of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide (1 equiv.) in dry tetrahydrofuran was added K₂CO₃ (3 equiv.) at room temperature and stirring was continued for 15 minutes. CH₃I (5 equiv.) was added to reaction mixture drop wise at 0° C. followed by stirring at room temperature for 16 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with water and brine solution. The organic solvent was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.05 (s, 2H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (bs, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 2.87 (bs, 4H), 2.07 (bs, 5H); MS (ESI) m/z 428.20 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)butyl)isoxazol-5-amine, Compound 131 Step 1: Preparation of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.88 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.58-7.51 (m, 2H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.36 (brs, 1H), 4.02 (t, 2H), 3.86 (brs, 2H), 2.92 (t, 2H), 2.71 (q, 2H), 2.07 (brs, 5H). LC-MS: MS m/z 414 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)butyl)isoxazol-5-amine

A solution of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide (1 equiv.) in THF (0.03 M) was treated with borane. DMS (5 equiv.) at 0° C. and the reaction mixture was heated to 40° C. for 10 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with methanol and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product; water was added and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate layers were dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d): 7.72 (brs, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.33 (m, 2H), 5.26 (s, 1H), 5.16 (s, 1H), 4.61 (brs, 1H), 4.06 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.16 (brs, 4H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.16 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 1.69 (brs, 4H). LC-MS: MS m/z 386 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-3-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 132 Step 1: Preparation of 4-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxobutanoic acid

To a solution of 4-methoxy-2-methylene-4-oxobutanoic acid (1 equiv.) in methanol (0.3 M) was added a slurry of 10% Pd/C (0.1 equiv.) in methanol under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was hydrogenated under H₂ (balloon) at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite bed and washed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude product. The crude product was washed with n-pentane and diethyl ether to remove solid impurities. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford the intermediate as a pale yellow liquid.

Step 2: Preparation of methyl 3-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoate

To a stirred solution of 4-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxobutanoic acid (1 equiv.), 2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (1 equiv.) in DMF (0.5 M) was added HATU (1.5 equiv.), TEA (3 equiv.) and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 12 h. Upon completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was added to the ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to afford the intermediate. LC-MS: MS m/z 266 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of 3-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid

To a stirred solution of methyl 3-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoate (1 equiv.) in THF-CH₃OH—H₂O (1:1:1) (0.2 M) was added LiOH.H₂O (2 equiv.) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h.

After completion, the solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was acidified with saturated KHSO₄ solution and extracted with 10% methanol in chloroform. The aqueous layer was evaporated under reduced pressure and stirred in 10% methanol in chloroform, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the intermediate. LC-MS: MS m/z 266 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-3-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.84 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=7 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.49 (m, 2H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.06-4.03 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.96-3.92 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.55 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, 16.7 Hz, 1H), 2.13-2.07 (bs, 5H), 1.13 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 428.20 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 133

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.86 (s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.83-7.82 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.29 (br s, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 6.54 (br s, 1H), 4.14-4.11 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.92-3.90 (s, 2H), 2.95-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.71 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 2.16-2.12 (m, 2H). LC-MS: MS m/z 400.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-oxo-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)butanamide, Compound 134

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.88 (s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.51 (m, 2H), 6.89 (brs, 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 4.22 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (brs, 2H), 2.96 (m, 2H), 2.74 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 2.19 (brs, 2H). LC-MS: MS m/z 467 [M−H]+.

Synthesis of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-methoxy-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 135

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56-7.50 (m, 2H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 5.96 (b s, 1H), 3.93 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (b s, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.90-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.67 (b s, 2H), 2.11 (b s, 2H). LC-MS: m/z 430 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of methyl 4-(4-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-ylamino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxylate, Compound 136

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d): 9.3 (brs, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.34 (m, 2H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 4.31 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.96 (brs, 2H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.03 (brs, 2H), 2.90 (brs, 2H), 2.28 (brs, 2H).

Synthesis of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(2-ethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 137

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) 7.77 (1H, bs), 7.64 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.33-7.40 (2H, m), 7.25 (1H, s), 6.64 (1H, s), 4.18 (2H, t), 4.00 (2H, m), 2.90 (2H, m), 2.88 (2H, m,), 2.60 (2H, t), 2.19 (2H, m), 0.88 (3H, m).

Synthesis of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-1-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 138 Step 1: Preparation of 6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole

To a stirred solution of 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (1 equiv.) in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 M) was added triethylamine (5 equiv.) at room temperature. After 15 minutes, 1,2-dibromoethane (1.2 equiv.) was added to the reaction mixture at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 16 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to afford the product as an off-white solid. LC-MS: m/z 124 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of 4-(6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-1-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid

To a stirred solution of 6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole (1 equiv.) in chloroform (0.5 M) was added dihydrofuran-2,5-dione (1.3 equiv.). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After completion, the solid thus precipitated was filtered and washed with n-pentane and dried to afford the product as an off-white solid. LC-MS: m/z 224 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4-(6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-1-yl)-4-oxobutanamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.81 (brs, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.54 (m, 2H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 5.71 (s, 1H), 4.55 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.24 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.16 (m, 1H), 2.84 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 2H), 2.11 (s, 1H). LC-MS: m/z 400.22 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(6-phenylpyridazin-3-yl)butanamide, Compound 139 Step 1: Preparation of 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl dimethanesulfonate

To a stirred solution of 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol (1 equiv.) in dichloromethane (0.45 M) was added methane sulfonyl chloride (2.7 equiv.), using triethylamine (2.7 equiv.) at 0° C. to room temperature for 16 h. Upon completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was washed with water and brine solution, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to the product as a brown solid.

Step 2: Preparation of 2,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

To a stirred solution of 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl dimethanesulfonate (1.2 equiv.) in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 M) were added 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (1 equiv.) and triethylamine (5 equiv.). The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for 48 h. Upon completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure, purified by column chromatography to afford the product as a brown solid. LC-MS: m/z 152 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid

To a stirred solution of 2,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (1 equiv.) in chloroform (0.1 M) was added succinic anhydride (1 equiv.) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the product as an off-white solid. LC-MS: m/z 252 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(6-phenylpyridazin-3-yl)butanamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.37 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 8.23-8.17 (m, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.60-7.47 (m, 5H), 4.32-3.97 (m, 3H), 3.65-3.60 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.75 (bs, 4H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 1H), 1.05 (s, 3H); LC-MS: m/z 405.0 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(2,3′-bipyridin-5-yl)-4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 140

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.40 (s, 1H), 9.22 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.86 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.62-8.57 (m, 1H), 8.40-8.35 (m, 1H), 8.20-8.15 (m, 1H), 8.05-7.99 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.15-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.08 (bs, 3H), 1.05 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 405 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(6-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)butanamide, Compound 141

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.33 (s, 1H), 9.27 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.69 (dd, J=4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.50-8.43 (m, 1H), 8.43-8.37 (m, 1H), 8.34-8.19 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.55 (m, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.18-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.08 (bs, 3H), 1.05 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′-methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 142

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.69 (s, 1H), 8.74-8.70 (m, 2H), 8.42-8.42 (m, 1H), 8.16-8.14 (m, 2H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 6.34 (br, 1H), 4.14-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.60 (q, 1H), 2.97-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.06-1.04 (m, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 419 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6-methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 143

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.71 (s, 1H), 9.01-9.00 (m, 1H), 8.42-8.40 (m, 1H), 8.17-8.15 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.80-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.21 (m, 1H), 6.33 (br, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (br, 2H), 2.89-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 2.08 (br, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 405 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′-methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 144

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.39 (s, 1H), 9.01 (m, 1H), 8.85 (br, 1H), 8.43-8.42 (m, 1H), 8.21 (br, 1H), 8.18-8.15 (m, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (br, 1H), 4.14-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.61 (m, 1H), 2.99-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.06-1.05 (m, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 419 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-([2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 145

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.38 (s, 1H), 9.22 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.88 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.59 (dd, J=4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (dt, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.22-8.18 (m, 1H), 8.03-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.53-7.48 (m, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.10-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.07 (bs, 5H), 1.21 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 405 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-([3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 147

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.68 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, 1H), 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.58-8.57 (m, 1H), 8.19-8.12 (m, 3H), 7.51-7.48 (m, 1H), 6.27 (br, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (br, 2H), 3.06-2.99 (m, 1H), 2.06 (br, 5H), 1.19 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 405 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(4-methyl-2,3′-bipyridin-6′-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 148

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.70 (s, 1H), 9.01 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.51 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.43-8.40 (dd, J=2.6 Hz, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (brs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (brs, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.08 (brs, 5H); MS (ESI) m/z 405.18 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 149

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.75 (s, 1H), 9.14 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 9.04 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.46-8.43 (dd, J=2.2 Hz, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (brs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (brs, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.07 (brs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 406.16 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′-methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 150

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.37 (s, 1H), 9.01 (s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.21-8.17 (m, 2H), 7.99 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (br, 1H), 4.03-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.86 (br, 2H), 3.04-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.07 (br, 5H), 1.21 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 419 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(6-methylpyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 151

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.78 (s, 1H), 9.08 (s, 2H), 8.56-8.46 (m, 2H), 8.21 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (br, 1H), 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.86 (br, 2H), 3.18 (br, 2H), 3.05-2.99 (m, 1H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.06 (br, 5H), 1.19 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 420 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′-methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 152

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.67 (s, 1H), 8.75-8.69 (m, 2H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.20-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.95 (m, 1H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.07 (bs, 5H), 1.19 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 419 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)butanamide, Compound 153

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.73 (s, 1H), 9.19 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 3H), 8.79 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.25-8.18 (m, 2H), 6.32 (brs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 392.15 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(6-(pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butanamide, Compound 154

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.44 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 2H), 9.20 (s, 1H), 8.89 (s, 1H), 8.22-8.20 (dd, J=2.2 Hz, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (brs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.90 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.71 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 392.15 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(5-fluoro-6-phenylpyridin-3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 156

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.62 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 1H), 8.15 (dd, J=13.6, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.92-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.40 (m, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H); MS (ESI) m/z 408 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-(6-methylpyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 157

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.80 (s, 1H), 9.08-9.07 (m, 2H), 8.54-8.47 (m, 2H), 8.21-8.19 (m, 1H), 6.34 (br, 1H), 4.13-4.04 (m, 3H), 3.66-3.61 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.06-1.05 (m, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 420 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-fluoro-5′-methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 158

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.69 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.47 (m, 1H), 8.20-8.17 (m, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 6.32 (br, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (br, 2H), 2.93-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.08 (br, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 423 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 159

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.86 (br, 1H), 7.84-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.51 (m, 2H), 6.66 (br, 1H), 6.34 (br, 1H), 4.03-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.84 (br, 2H), 3.07-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.07 (br, 5H), 1.74 (br, 1H), 1.18-1.16 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 428 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-2,3′-bipyridin-6′-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 160 and Compound 161

The product was subjected to chiral chromatography to afford enantiomeric pure compound 160 and compound 161.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.66 (s, 1H), 8.73 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.17-8.14 (m, 2H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 6.33 (brs, 1H), 4.14-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.60 (dd, J=9.2 Hz, 11.8 Hz 1H), 3.4 (s, 1H) 2.97-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.74 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.32-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.08 (brs, 3H), 1.05 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 419.15 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′-fluoro-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 162

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.46 (s, 1H), 9.13 (s, 1H), 8.88 (br, 1H), 8.60-8.59 (m, 1H), 8.30-8.26 (m, 1H), 8.21-8.18 (m, 1H), 8.11-8.08 (m, 1H), 6.34 (br, 1H), 4.13-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.61 (m, 1H), 3.36 (br, 1H), 3.00-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.28 (br, 1H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.06-1.05 (m, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 423 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′-fluoro-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 163

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.74 (s, 1H), 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.79-8.78 (m, 1H), 8.59-8.58 (m, 1H), 8.24-8.21 (m, 1H), 8.18-8.14 (m, 2H), 6.34 (br, 1H), 4.13-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.40 (br, 1H), 2.95-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.28 (br, 1H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.06-1.04 (m, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 423 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-fluoro-[2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 164

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.73 (s, 1H), 8.99 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.66 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.42-8.38 (m, 1H), 8.20-8.12 (m, 1H), 8.12-8.06 (m, 1H), 7.89-7.80 (m, 1H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 4.15-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.08 (bs, 3H), 1.05 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 423 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4-fluoro-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 165

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.99 (s, 1H), 8.80 (s, 1H), 8.65-8.55 (m, 2H), 8.06-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.50 (m, 1H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 4.15-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.08 (bs, 3H), 1.05 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 423 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3,5′-dimethyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 168

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.29 (s, 1H), 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.53 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H); MS (ESI) m/z 419 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(3,3′-bipyridin-6-yl)-4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 169 and Compound 170

The product was subjected to chiral chromatography to afford enantiomeric pure compound 169 and compound 170.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.67 (s, 1H), 8.94 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.58 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.16-8.11 (m, 3H), 7.50-7.47 (dd, J=4.4 Hz, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.3 (brs, 1H), 4.14-4.06 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.4 (s, 1H), 2.97-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.75 (t, J=12.8 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.05 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H); MS (ESI) m/z 405.18 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-([2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)-4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 171

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.72 (s, 1H), 9.03 (m, 1H), 8.67-8.66 (m, 1H), 8.45-8.42 (m, 1H), 8.17 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.01-7.99 (m, 1H), 7.91-7.87 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.35 (m, 1H), 6.34 (br, 1H), 4.14-4.06 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H), 2.97-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.29 (br, 1H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.05 (m, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 405 [M+H]⁻.

Amide Coupling Method B:

Triethylamine (1.3 eq) and isobutyl chloroformate (1.0 equiv.) were added dropwise to a stirred solution of acid (1.1 equiv.) in dichloromethane (0.05 M) at 0° C. and stirred for 15 minutes before adding the respective amine (1.0 equiv.). The reaction was stirred from 0° C. to room temperature for 3 hours. Upon completion the reaction was diluted with dichloromethane and basified to pH 9.0 with saturated sodium carbonate solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane, organic phase combined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Crude was purified with reversed phase HPLC to afford the pure product.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(6-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)butanamide, Compound 51

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.32 (S, 1H), 9.26 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H), 8.70-8.68 (m, 1H), 8.48-8.46 (m, 1H), 8.40 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.56 (m, 1H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.91-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.83-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 392 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(6-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 84

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.73 (s, 1H), 8.83 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.16-8.14 (m, 1H), 7.99-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.90-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.53-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.19 (m, 1H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 2.92-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 408 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(6-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 98

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.30 (s, 1H), 8.39-8.37 (m, 1H), 8.28-8.26 (m, 1H), 7.97-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.31 (m, 1H), 6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 409 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 104

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.31 (s, 1H), 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 8.40-8.38 (m, 1H), 8.30-8.27 (m, 2H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Amide Coupling Method C:

Amine (1.1 equiv.) was added to a stirred solution of acid, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (3.0 equiv.) and HATU (1.5 equiv.) in DMF (0.2 M) after 5 minutes. Solution is left to stir at room temperature for 3 h. Upon completion the reaction was diluted with water and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase was combined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Crude was purified by Shimadzu semi-prep and lyophilized to afford a white solid.

Synthesis of N-(2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 64

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.14 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.53-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.39-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.26 (m, 2H), 6.35 (br, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (br, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.08 (br, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 407 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N,N-dimethyl-4′-(4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamido)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide, Compound 68

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.11 (s, 1H), 7.72-7.62 (m, 6H), 7.49 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.32 (m, 1H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.97 (d, J=23.6 Hz, 6H), 2.91-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 460 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(3′-morpholinobiphenyl-4-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 73

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.05 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (bs, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 3.75 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 4H), 3.17 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 4H), 2.88 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 474.33 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(1-phenylpiperidin-4-yl)butanamide, Compound 81

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d): 7.82 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 6.92 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.73 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.20 (s, 1H), 4.00 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.82 (s, 2H), 3.80-3.61 (m, 3H), 2.80-2.74 (m, 4H), 2.38 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H), 1.79 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 2H), 1.55-1.44 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 396.40 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(6-(m-tolyl)pyridazin-3-yl)butanamide, Compound 99

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.25 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (bs, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.30 (m, 1H), 6.30 (bs, 1H), 4.04-4.01 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.91-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 405 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(6-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 103

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.38 (s, 1H), 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.71 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.33 (m, 3H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 410 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(6-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)butanamide, Compound 105

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.41 (s, 1H), 9.58 (m, 1H), 9.10 (m, 1H), 8.83 (m, 1H), 8.46 (m, 2H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.93-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.84-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 460 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5-methyl-6-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 106

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.21 (s, 1H), 8.81-8.80 (m, 1H), 8.69-8.68 (m, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.07-8.04 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.54 (m, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.93-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 107

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.29 (s, 1H), 9.14-9.13 (m, 1H), 8.39-8.34 (m, 2H), 8.28-8.25 (m, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 2H), 2.93-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.55 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). LC-MS: m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(5′-methyl-2,3′-bipyridin-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 110

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.35 (s, 1H), 9.01 (s, 1H), 8.85 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (bs, 2H), 2.93-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 405.33 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(6-phenylpyridazin-3-yl)butanamide, Compound 146

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.25 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 8.11-8.09 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 3H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 4.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (br, 2H), 3.25-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.07-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.06 (br, 5H), 1.22 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). LC-MS: m/z 405 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of N-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 155

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.32 (s, 1H), 9.27 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.69 (dd, J=4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.47 (dt, J=8.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.45-8.38 (m, 1H), 8.32-8.28 (m, 1H), 7.53-7.60 (m, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.95 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.06 (bs, 5H), 1.22 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo-N-(6-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butanamide, Compound 166

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.46 (s, 1H), 9.47 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.89 (s, 1H), 8.70 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.65 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.31-8.29 (m, 1H), 8.26-8.23 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.3 (brs, 1H), 4.06-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.87 (brs, 1H), 3.17 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.73-2.70 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (s, 5H); MS (ESI) m/z 392.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-oxobutanamide, Compound 167

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.38 (s, 1H), 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.71 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.55-8.45 (m, 3H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 4.15-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.68-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.30 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.07 (bs, 3H), 1.05 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H); MS (ESI) m/z 424 [M+H]⁺.

Materials and Methods

Cell Lines and Culture Conditions:

HEK293-STF cell line was modified from Human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293 transfected with the STF reporter. HEK293-STF3A cell line was further modified from HEK293-STF cell line to express Wnt3A. This cell line was used to identify compounds that regulate either early or late signaling components of the Wnt pathway. These two cell lines were obtained from David Virshup's laboratory, Duke-NUS. L-Wnt3A (ATCC, #CRL-2647) cell line was used for providing Wnt3A conditioned media. The three cell lines were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS incubated in 37° C. with 5% CO₂.

Cell Viability Assay:

5000 cells in 75 μl culture media were seeded in each well of black 96 well plates (Greiner #655090) and incubated overnight at 37° C. 25 μl of serially diluted compound was added to the cells giving final concentration of 50 M to 1.5 nM. After 1 day of treatment, 100 μl of CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay reagent (#G7571, Promega) was added to each well and incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. Luminescence was measured using Tecan Safire2 microplate reader.

Stf3A Assay:

2×10⁴ HEK293-STF3A cells in 75 μl culture media were seeded in each well of white 96 well plates (Greiner #655098) and incubated overnight at 37° C. 25 μl serially diluted compound was added to the cells to give final concentration of 50 M to 1.5 nM. After 1 day of treatment, 100 μl of Steady-Glo Luciferase Assay reagent (#E2520, Promega) was added to each well and incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. Luminescence was measured using Tecan Safire2 plate reader.

STF/WNT3A conditioned medium (STF/WNT3A CM) assay:

L-Wnt3A cells were cultured in three T-175 flasks at 3×10⁴ cells/ml in 30 ml culture medium per flask. After 4 days of incubation, the Wnt3A conditioned media were harvested and then centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes to remove the debris. The Wnt3A conditioned media were stored at −20° C. if not used immediately.

2×10⁴ HEK293-STF cells in 25 μl culture media were added in each well of white 96 well plates (Greiner #655098). 25 μl serially diluted compound was added to the cells. After 4 hours of incubation, 100 μl Wnt-3A conditioned medium was added to the cells. The final concentration of compound ranged from 33 M to 1 nM. After incubation for 1 day at 37° C., 100 μl of Steady-Glo® Luciferase Assay reagent (#E2520, Promega) was added to each well and incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. Luminescence was measured using Tecan Safire2 microplate reader.

Western blot:

8.0×10⁵ cells in 2.5 ml media were seeded in T-25 flasks. Compounds were diluted to 600 nM in 1 ml medium and 0.5 ml was added to the T-25 flask to give a final concentration of 100 nM. After incubation in 37° C. for two days, the culture media were collected and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatants were collected and 32 μl from each sample was used for SDS PAGE gel electrophoresis. After transferring the separated proteins to the membrane it was incubated with the primary Wnt3A antibody (1:1000, #09-162, Millipore) overnight. After washing with Tris-Buffered Saline containing 0.05% Tween 20 (TBST), the membrane was incubated with polyclonal Goat anti-Rabbit IgG HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (1:3000, #P0448) for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing with TBST, the membrane was developed with Amersham™ ECL™ Select Western Blotting Detection Reagent (#RPN2235, GE Healthcare Life Sciences) and documented with Bio-Rad Molecular Imager VersaDoc MP.

MMTV-Wnt1 Mouse Model 1:

8-10 weeks old Female BALBc mice were anesthetised with 150 mg/kg Ketamine +75 mg/kg Xylazine. Under aseptic conditions, skin near the 4′ mammary fat pad was incised. Mammary fat pad was tweaked with forceps and tumor fragment 2 mm³ was implanted. The incision was closed using a tissue adhesive. Animals were randomised into groups of eight and treated daily with the test compounds for 14 days. Tumors were measured in two dimensions using calipers, and volume was calculated using the formula: Tumor Volume (mm³)=w²×½. Maximum tumor volume limit was 2000 mm³.

Wnt3A palmitoylation assay:

The assay used to determine the inhibition of the palmitoylation of Wnts by compound was described by Yap et al, (Yap M C, Kostiuk M A, Martin D D, Perinpanayagam M A, Hak P G, Siddam A, Majjigapu J R, Rajaiah G, Keller B O, Prescher J A, Wu P, Bertozzi C R, Falck J R, Berthiaume L G. 2010. Rapid and selective detection of fatty acylated proteins using omega-alkynyl-fatty acids and click chemistry. J Lipid Res. 51(6):1566-1580) with some modification. 3×10⁶ HeLa cells were seeded in 10 cm culture dish and incubated at 37° C. overnight. The cells were transfected with 5 g pCDNA3.2/V5-Wnt3a vector (Najdi R, Proffitt K, Sprowl S, Kaur S, Yu J, Covey T M, Virshup D M, Waterman M L. 2012. A uniform human Wnt expression library reveals a shared secretory pathway and unique signaling activities. Differentiation, 84(2), 203-213. doi:10.1016/j.diff.2012.06.004) to over-express V5-tagged Wnt3a. After six hours, the cells were washed with PBS and treated with 100 M alkyne palmitate in medium with 5% BSA. 100 nM compound or DMSO was added and the cells were incubated overnight at 37° C. The cells were lyzed and 600 g cell lysate was collected and incubated with anti-V5 antibody (Invitrogen) followed by the pull down of V5-Wnt3a with the addition of Protein A/G agarose beads (Thermo scientific). The pulled down lysates containing V5-Wnt3a was click-reacted with biotin-azide (Invitrogen). The biotin-labelled protein lysate was then separated on SDS-PAGE and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. The membrane was incubated with primary anti-V5 antibody, followed by secondary anti-mouse Dylight 680 (Thermo scientific) to detect V5-Wnt3a. The membrane was then incubated with streptavidin-Dylight 800 (Thermo scientific) to detect biotin labelled Wnt3a. The signals were captured on the Odyssey CLx Infrared Imaging System (LI-COR Bioscience).

Soft agar Assay:

AsPC-1 cells were maintained in RPMI164 supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine and P/S (100 units/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin). HPAF-II cells were maintained in MEM (Eagles′) supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine and P/S (100 units/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin). CFPAC-1 cells were maintained in Iscove MEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine and P/S (100 units/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin).

600 μl of 0.6% agar was added to 24-well plate to form the base layer. Then a middle layer of 0.36% agar (containing 5000 cells and serially diluted compound) was added on to the base layer. Finally 500 μl of fresh growth medium was added to the top of the middle layer. The plates were incubated at 37° C. with 5% carbon dioxide in a humidified incubator for 2 weeks. Formation of colonies was observed using a light microscope. When the colony size was larger than 500 μm, 70 μl MTT (5 mg/ml) was added to each well and the plates were incubated at 37° C. for at least 2 hours. Colonies were counted with GelCount® instrument. The colony counts were plotted against compound concentrations using the GraphPad Prism software. The software was also used to perform non-linear curve fitting and calculation of compound concentration that inhibited 50% colony formation.

Results:

Compounds of the present invention specifically inhibit mammalian PORCN.

PORCN-null HT1080 cells were transfected with mammalian or Xenopus PORCN expression plasmids, along with WNT3A, STF reporter and mCherry as transfection control. 6 hours after transfection, cells were treated with the compounds or DMSO as indicated, and the following day assayed for luciferase. Xenopus PORCN was resistant to the inhibitory effects of compounds. The two compounds, Compound 51 and Compound 110 inhibit the activity of mammalian porcupine (FIG. 1).

Treatment with Compounds 51 and 110 decreased tumor growth in all the treated mice (FIG. 2 and FIG. 3).

Palmitoylation of Wnt3a is inhibited by Compound 51 (FIG. 4). The Wnt3a-V5 was visualized using anti-V5 antibody, followed by anti-mouse Dylight 680. B. Biotin-azide clicked palmitate in V5-Wnt3a was detected with streptavidin-Dylight 800. A non-specific band was observed above the Wnt3a-V5 protein. Biotin-azide clicked palmitate was detected with streptavidin-Dylight 800 (lower band). DMSO was used as negative control. Lane 1: Without Alkyne palmitate; Lane 2: untreated control, DMSO+Alkyne palmitate; Lane 3: 100 nM Compound 51+Alkyne palmitate.

Results of the Soft Agar Assay are shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 5 to 7.

TABLE 1 Fifty percent colony growth inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀, μM) of Compound 51 on pancreatic cell lines AsPC-1 and HPAF-II. Results shown below are mean ± standard deviation (SD) from two independent experiments. Test 1 Test 2 Mean Standard IC₅₀ IC₅₀ IC₅₀ deviation Maximum Compound Cell line (μM) (μM) (μM) (SD) inhibition 51 AsPC-1 0.024 0.010 0.017 0.010 76% HPAF-II 0.008 0.010 0.009 0.001 97% CFPAC-1 0.058 0.039 0.049 0.013 79%

The results of the MMTV-Wnt1 Mouse Model are shown in FIG. 2 and Table 2:

TABLE 2 Day 14 % % Compound-dose TGI T/C T/C Significance TRD NTRD Vehicle — — — 0/8 0/8 Compound 68 0.375 37.5 *** 0/8 1/8 51-1 mg/Kg Compound 67 0.383 38.3 *** 0/8 0/8 51-3 mg/Kg Compound 91 0.160 16.0 *** 0/8 0/8 51-10 mg/Kg

Throughout the specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word ‘comprise’, and variations such as ‘comprises’ and ‘comprising’, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer, step, group of integers or group of steps but not to the exclusion of any other integer, step, group of integers or group of steps.

All patents and patent applications mentioned throughout the specification of the present invention are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference.

The invention embraces all combinations of preferred and more preferred groups and embodiments of groups recited above. 

1-60. (canceled)
 61. A method of treating fibrosis comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate polymorph, tautomers or stereoisomers thereof wherein; R₁ represents H; optionally substituted alkyl; —C(O)Oalkyl; haloalkyl; haloalkoxy; or -alkylaryl; each R₂ independently represents H; optionally substituted alkyl; -alkylaryl; optionally substituted carbocyclyl; optionally substituted heterocyclyl; —NHalkyl; —N(alkyl)₂; amino; hydroxyl; alkoxy or halo; n represents 0, 1 or 2; R₃ represents H or alkyl; R₄ represents H or alkyl; R₅ represents H or alkyl; W and X each independently represent C═O; C═S; or CH₂; Y represents aryl; heteroaryl; optionally substituted carbocyclyl; or optionally substituted heterocyclyl; and Z represents optionally substituted alkyl; aryl; heteroaryl; -alkylaryl; -alkylheteroaryl; optionally substituted carbocyclyl; optionally substituted heterocyclyl; -alkylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted; -alkylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted; -arylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy and halo; or -arylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl.
 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the optionally substituted alkyl is optional substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂.
 63. The method of claim 61, wherein the optionally substituted carbocyclyl is optional substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy and halo.
 64. The method of claim 61, wherein the optionally substituted heterocyclyl is optional substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl.
 65. A method of treating fibrosis comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer and stereoisomer thereof wherein; R₁ represents H; alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl, and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂; —C(O)Oalkyl; haloalkyl; haloalkoxy; or -alkylaryl; each R₂ independently represents H; optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkoxy, NH₂, —NHC₁₋₃alkyl, and —N(C₁₋₃alkyl)₂; -alkylaryl; carbocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy, and halo; heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl, and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl; —NHalkyl; —N(alkyl)₂; amino; hydroxyl; alkoxy; or halo; n represents 1; R₃ represents H or alkyl; R₄ represents H or alkyl; R₅ represents H or alkyl; W and X each independently represent C═O; C═S; or CH₂; Y represents optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl; and Z represents optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl.
 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of: Cpd ID Structure IUPAC Name 14

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)butanamide 24

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4- (oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4- oxobutanamide 25

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4- (oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4- oxobutanamide 26

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-(thiazol-2-yl)pyridin-2- yl)butanamide 27

N-(4-(1H-imidazol-1- yl)phenyl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 28

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4- (2-methylthiazol-4- yl)phenyl)-4- oxobutanamide 29

N-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol- 5-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 32

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4- (2-methylthiazol-4- yl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanamide 33

N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2- methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 34

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyridin-2- yl)phenyl)butanamide 35

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyridin-3- yl)phenyl)butanamide 36

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyridin-4- yl)phenyl)butanamide 37

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxo-N-[4-(pyridazin-3- yl)phenyl]butanamide 38

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyrimidin-4- yl)phenyl)butanamide 39

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxo-N-[4-(pyrimidin-5- yl)phenyl]butanamide 40

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxo-N-[4-(pyrimidin-2- yl)phenyl]butanamide 41

N-([2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 42

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyrazin-2- yl)phenyl)butanamide 43

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-phenylpyridin-3- yl)butanamide 44

44Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-phenylpyridin-2- yl)butanamide 45

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-phenylpyridazin-3- yl)butanamide 46

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxo-N-(5- phenylpyrimidin-2- yl)butanamide 47

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-phenylpyrazin-2- yl)butanamide 48

N-([2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-(2- methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 49

4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxo-N-[5-(pyridin-3- yl)pyridin-2-yl]butanamide 50

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo N-(5-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2 yl)butanamide 51

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridazin- 3-yl)butanamide 52

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo N-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2 yl)butanamide 53

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(3- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 54

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(2- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 55

N-(3-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 56

N-(2-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 57

N-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 58

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(2′- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 59

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(3′- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 60

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4′- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 61

N-(2′-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 62

N-(3′-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 63

N-(4′-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 64

N-(2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]- 4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 65

N-(3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]- 4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 66

N-(4′-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 67

4′-(4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamido)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid 68

N,N-dimethyl-4′-(4-(2- methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamido)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-3-carboxamide 69

N-(2′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]- 4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 70

N-(3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]- 4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 71

N-(4′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]- 4-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 72

N-(3′-(dimethylamino)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 73

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(3′- morpholinobiphenyl-4-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 74

N-(3′-acetamido-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 83

N-(6-(3- chlorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 84

N-(6-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin- 3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 85

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(m-tolyl)pyridin-3- yl)butanamide 86

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5- methyl-6-phenylpyridin-3-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 87

N-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin- 3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 88

N-(6-(3- fluorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl)- 4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 89

N-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin- 2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 90

N-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin- 2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 91

N-(3-methyl-5-phenylpyridin- 2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutana 92

N-(4-methyl-5-phenylpyridin- 2-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 93

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-(m-tolyl)pyridin-2- yl)butanamide 94

N-(5-fluoro-2,3′-bipyridin-6′- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 95

N-(4-fluoro-2,3′-bipyridin-6′- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 96

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6- methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 97

N-(6-(3- chlorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl)- 4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 98

N-(6-(3- fluorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl)- 4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 99

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(m-tolyl)pyridazin-3- yl)butanamide 100

N-[6-(4- chlorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl]- 4-{2-methyl-5H,6H,7H- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4- yl}-4-oxobutanamide 101

N-(6-(4- fluorophenyl)pyridazin-3-yl)- 4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 102

N-(6-(5-chloropyridin-3- yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-(2- methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 103

N-(6-(5-fluoropyridin-3- yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4-(2- methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 104

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6- (5-methylpyridin-3- yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 105

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(5- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3- yl)pyridazin-3-yl)butanamide 106

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5- methyl-6-(pyridin-3- yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 107

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6- (6-methylpyridin-3- yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 108

N-(5′-chloro-[2,3′-bipyridin]- 5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 109

N-(5′-fluoro-[2,3′-bipyridin]- 5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 110

N-(5′-methyl-2,3′-bipyridin- 5-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 111

N-(3-fluoro-2,3′-bipyridin-5- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 112

N-(5′-amino-2,3′-bipyridin-5- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 113

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6′- methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 114

N-(5′-chloro-[3,3′-bipyridin]- 6-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 115

N-(5′-fluoro-[3,3′-bipyridin]- 6-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 116

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 117

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(piperazin-1- yl)phenyl)butanamide 118

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5′-(trifluoromethyl)-[3,3′- bipyridin]-6-yl)butanamide 119

N-(4-methyl-3,3′-bipyridin-6- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 120

N-(4,5′-dimethyl-3,3′- bipyridin-6-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 121

N-(6′-methyl-3,3′-bipyridin-6- yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 122

N-(5-(5-fluoropyridin-3- yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 123

N-(5-(3- fluorophenyl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 124

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5- (5-methylpyridin-3- yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 125

N-(6-methyl-5-(pyridin-3- yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 126

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-(m-tolyl)pyrazin-2- yl)butanamide 127

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5- (6-methylpyridin-3- yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 128

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5- (6-methylpyrazin-2- yl)pyridin-2-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 129

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(4-(pyrazin-2- yl)phenyl)butanamide 139

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-phenylpyridazin-3- yl)butanamide 140

N-(2,3′-bipyridin-5-yl)-4- (2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 141

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridazin- 3-yl)butanamide 142

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 143

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6- methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 144

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 145

N-([2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)-2- methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 146

2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-phenylpyridazin-3- yl)butanamide 147

N-([3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)-2- methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 148

N-(4-methyl-2,3′-bipyridin- 6′-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 149

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5- (5-methylpyrazin-2- yl)pyridin-2-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 150

2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 151

2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5- (6-methylpyrazin-2- yl)pyridin-2-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 152

2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 153

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin- 2-yl)butanamide 154

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin- 3-yl)butanamide 155

N-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-4- (2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 156

N-(5-fluoro-6-phenylpyridin- 3-yl)-4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 157

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5- (6-methylpyrazin-2- yl)pyridin-2-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 158

N-(3-fluoro-5′-methyl-[2,3′- bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 160

(S)-4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 161

(R)-4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- methyl-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 162

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- fluoro-[2,3′-bipyridin]-5-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 163

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5′- fluoro-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 164

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(5- fluoro-[2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 165

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(4- fluoro-[3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-oxobutanamide 166

4-(2-methyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4-oxo- N-(6-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-3- yl)butanamide 167

4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolol[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-N-(6- (5-fluoropyridin-3- yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 168

N-(3,5′-dimethyl-[2,3′- bipyridin]-5-yl)-4-(2-methyl- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 169

(S)-N-([3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 170

(R)-N-([3,3′-bipyridin]-6-yl)- 4-(2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide 171

N-([2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)-4- (2,6-dimethyl-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-4(5H)-yl)-4- oxobutanamide

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate polymorph, tautomers or stereoisomers thereof.
 67. The method of claim 65, wherein R₁ represents H, methyl, ethyl, —C(O)OMe, or CF₃.
 68. The method of claim 65, wherein each R₂ independently represents H.
 69. The method of claim 65, wherein R₃ represents H.
 70. The method of claim 65, wherein R₄ represents H.
 71. The method of claim 65, wherein R₅ represents H.
 72. The method of claim 65, wherein W and X each represent C═O.
 73. The method of claim 65, wherein Y represents phenyl.
 74. The method of claim 65, wherein Y is substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo and C₁₋₆haloalkyl.
 75. The method of claim 65, wherein the fibrosis is pulmonary fibrosis.
 76. A pharmaceutical composition administrable by inhalation or insufflation, comprising a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate polymorph, tautomers or stereoisomers thereof wherein; R₁ represents H; optionally substituted alkyl; —C(O)Oalkyl; haloalkyl; haloalkoxy; or -alkylaryl; each R₂ independently represents H; optionally substituted alkyl; -alkylaryl; optionally substituted carbocyclyl; optionally substituted heterocyclyl; —NHalkyl; —N(alkyl)₂; amino; hydroxyl; alkoxy or halo; n represents 0, 1 or 2; R₃ represents H or alkyl; R₄ represents H or alkyl; R₅ represents H or alkyl; W and X each independently represent C═O; C═S; or CH₂; Y represents aryl; heteroaryl; optionally substituted carbocyclyl; or optionally substituted heterocyclyl; and Z represents optionally substituted alkyl; aryl; heteroaryl; -alkylaryl; -alkylheteroaryl; optionally substituted carbocyclyl; optionally substituted heterocyclyl; -alkylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted; -alkylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted; -arylcarbocyclyl wherein carbocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy and halo; or -arylheterocyclyl wherein heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C(O)OC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)C₁₋₆alkyl and —C(O)NHC₁₋₆alkyl.
 77. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 76, the pharmaceutical composition being provided as a metered aerosol, liquid spray or powder.
 78. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 76, further comprising a dispersing or suspending agent selected from the group consisting of synthetic and natural gums such as tragacanth, acacia, alginate, dextran, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, or a combination thereof.
 79. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 76, further comprising a binder selected from the group consisting of starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or betalactose, corn sweeteners, sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride or a combination thereof.
 80. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 76, wherein compound of Formula (I) is administrable in a dose of about 5 mg to about 50 mg. 